Unit 2: Causes of the American Revolution

1. Unit 2: Causes of the American Revolution

2. Bell Ringer:What features describe the New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies?Left Group: New EnglandCenter Group: Middle Right Group: Southern

3. What European countries had colonies in America? Britain Native Americans were also here trying to survive. France Spain

4. I. North America as part of the British Empire A. Colonies provide raw materials to England B. England controls American trade C. England fights with France & Spain for control of North America

5. Bell Ringer: What are the characteristics of the two sides in the war?1’s tell 2’s 2 things about the British2’s tell the 1’s 2 things about the French

6. North America in 1750

7. II. French & Indian War (1754-1763) A. France & England fight for control of Ohio Valley & Canada B. Early part of the war in western Pennsylvania 1. 1754 - Ft. Duquesne built by the French

8. a. Major George Washington sent by Virginia to kick French out of P A i. Kills a French diplomat & builds Ft. Necessity b. GW defeated at Ft. Necessity - war begins

9. Fort Duquesene Fort Necessity

10. 2. 1755 - GW returns with a larger British force a. commander - General Edward Braddock b. Braddock killed – mission fails

11. C. Strategic locations captured by the British 1. 1758 - Ft. Louisbourg (St. Lawrence River) 2. 1758 - Ft. Duquesne (Ohio River) a. Rebuilt & named after the British leader, William Pitt

12. 3. 1759 - Ft. Niagara (Great Lakes) 4. 1759 - Quebec (capital of New France) a. French led by Montcalm both killed b. British led by Wolfe c. Battle occurs on the Plains of Abraham

13. Bell Ringer:What effect did the war have on the relationship between the British and the American Colonists?

14. British-American Colonial Tensions Methods ofFighting: • Indian-style guerilla tactics. • March in formation or bayonet charge. MilitaryOrganization: • Col. militias served under own captains. • Br. officers wanted to take charge of colonials. MilitaryDiscipline: • No mil. deference or protocols observed. • Drills & tough discipline. Finances: • Resistance to rising taxes. • Colonists should pay for their own defense. Demeanor: • Casual, non-professionals. • Prima Donna Br. officers with servants & tea settings.

15. Albany Plan of Union Attempted to create a single government to lead the colonies

16. D. Treaty of Paris signed in 1763 1. France lost its empire in North America 2. Spain gained some land 3. British obtained MUCH land in North America a. Gained a £130 million debt b. Biter feelings toward the colonists 4. Americans were united and began to not trust the British

17. North America in 1763

18. E. Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763) 1. Tension along the frontier a. Settlers went past the Proclamation Line of 1763 2. Pontiac and allies attacked settlements and forts in their areas

19. Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)

20. Proclamation of 1763

21. III. Crisis Over Taxes A. British Parliament thinks colonists should help pay off the debt caused by the F & I War 1. Sugar Act (1764) illegal to buy non- British sugar (ignored) 2. Stamp Act (Feb 1765) – taxed legal documents, newspapers, and other printed items

22. Were the British right to put taxes on the Colonists? How did the Colonists respond to the taxes that were passed?

23. B. Colonists Respond 1. No Taxation Without Representation” – colonists don’t elect members to Parliament 2. Angry colonists protest sometimes violently 3. Boycott: colonists refuse to buy British goods 4. Stamp Act Congress (Oct 1765): meeting of delegates from 9 colonies – a. Send a petition to George III

24. C. Parliament Responds 1. Boycott causes loss of income a. Stamp Act repealed (1766) 2. New idea for taxation: Townshend Acts (June 1767) a. placed taxes on paper, paint, lead, glass, and tea b. colonists could produce these 3. British send troops to enforce these laws

25. Tar and Feathering

26. IV. The Crisis Worsens A. The Boston Massacre (March 5, 1770) 1. Conflict between British soldiers and colonists 2. Colonists throw snow & ice at soldiers 3. Someone yelled “FIRE”& soldiers shot at the people 4. Five citizens killed including Crispus Attucks B. Townshend Acts repealed (March 5, 1770)

27. Crispus Attucks

28. The Bloody Massacre (March 27,1770) By Paul Revere

29. The Boston Massacre (April 10,1770) By Henry Pelham

30. The Boston Massacre (1868) By Alonzo Chappel

31. TOD:Bring in an example of propaganda from the media.(newspapers, internet, T.V., etc…)

32. Bell Ringer:Take out the example of propaganda.Share the example with the class and tell why it is propaganda.

33. Was the American Revolution Inevitable??

34. Committees of Correspondence Purpose Warn neighboring colonies about incidents with Br. Broaden the resistance movement.

35. C. Tea Act (May 1773) 1. Colonists must buy tea from the British East India Company a. Monopoly on tea and cut out colonial businessmen 2. 3¢ per pound tax on tea, but it was cheaper

36. D. Boston Tea Party (December 1773) 1. Colonists angry about the tax on tea 2. Protesters, led by Samuel Adams, threw 342 chest of tea into Boston Harbor

37. Boston Tea Party (1773)

38. CP Classes:Write a letter to the editor in response to the Boston Tea Party. 1’s will write as if they were supporting the Loyalist side. 2’s will write as if they were supporting the Patriot side.

39. GN Classes:Write a 1 paragraph response to the Boston Tea Party and preceding events from a certain perspective. 1’s will write as if they were supporting the Loyalist side. 2’s will write as if they were supporting the Patriot side.

40. E. Intolerable Acts (Spring 1774) – 1. Passed by Parliament to punish Massachusetts for the Tea Party 2. Port of Boston closed until the tea was paid for (£9000) 3. Governor of MA replaced with a military general 4. Elected officials replaced with appointed officials 5. Colonists must provide housing for British soldiers

41. V. The Road to War A. First Continental Congress (September 1774) 1. 12 colonies send delegates to Philadelphia 2. Purpose: restore peace, NOT declare independence Independence Hall

42. 3. Agree on a course of action a. Ignore Intolerable Acts b. Continue boycott of British goods c. Set up colonial militias i. Citizen-soldiers trained to serve in an emergency

43. B. Fighting Begins: Lexington & Concord (April 1775) 1. Colonial militias have arms stored in Concord 2. British set out to capture these arms

44. The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere • Read the Poem “The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere by Henry • Wadsworth Longfellow. 2) Write a short synopsis of the events of the poem. 3) Read the Real Midnight Ride of Paul Revere. 4) Compare and Contrast the two by creating a graphic organizer to display the information.

45. The British Are Coming . . . Fact?? Fiction?? Paul Revere & William Dawes make their midnight ride to warn the Minutemen of approaching British soldiers.

47. 3. British meet Lexington militia & shots are fired; 8 colonists killed 4. British find no weapons at Concord & retreat to Boston 5. Colonial militias attack the retreating Redcoats with ambushes a. colonial casualties: 49 dead, 41 wounded b. British casualties: 73 dead, 174 wounded; 26 missing

48. The Shot Heard ’Round the World! Who Fired It?