COS Standard 2

1. COS Standard 2 Evaluate social and political origins, accomplishments and limitations of Progressivism.

2. Assessing the impact of muckrakers on public opinion during the Progressive movement, including Upton Sinclair, Jacob A. Riis, and Ida M. Tarbell Chapter 18 Section 1 and 18-2

3. Progressivism • 1890 to 1920 • Collection of different ideas and activities about how to fix the problems within American society. • Progressivist disagreed on how to fix the problems, but many shared the following 4 goals- • Protecting social welfare • Promoting moral improvement • Creating economic reform • Fostering efficiency

4. Protecting Social Welfare • Soften some of the harsh conditions of industrialization • Young Men’s Christian (YMCA)-Libraries, swimming pools and handball courts • Salvation Army- help those in need/ Soup kitchens • Slum Brigades- instructed poor immigrants the value of hard work and temperance • Florence Kelly- advocate for improving the lives of women and children • Chief inspector of factories in Illinois • Helped pass Illinois Factory Act in 1983 • Prohibited child labor and limited women’s working hours in factories

5. Promoting Moral Improvement • Morality, not the workplace, held the key to improving lives of poor people • Improve personal behavior • Prohibition- the banning of alcoholic beverages • Prohibitionist feared alcohol was undermining American morals • Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) • Spearheaded the crusade for prohibition

6. Creating Economic Reform • A severe economic panic in 1893 led people to favor the idea of socialism • Eugene V. Debs- helps organize American Socialist Party in 1901 • Uneven balance among big business, government, and ordinary people under the free marker system of capitalism • Big business received favorable treatment from Government

7. Muckrakers • Muckrakers- Journalist who wrote about the corrupt side of business and public life in mass circulation magazines during the early 20th century • Modern day Investigative Journalist • Pressure to introduce reforms • Term that came from the book by John Bunyan called Pilgrim’s Progress

8. Examples of Muckrakers • Jacob Riis: wrote a book called How the Other Half Lives, describes poverty, disease, and crime in urban cities. • Ida Tarbell: writes a series of articles about Standard Oil • Upton Sinclair: The Jungle, meatpacking industry

9. Progressivism (continued) • They believed… • the government needed to be fixed • the government needs to be more responsive to people before other problems are addressed. • could fix society’s problems by applying scientific principles to society • One group of progressives wanted the government to be more efficient. • Apply the principles of scientific management • Want experts to fix things, not politicians • Managing time • Breaking down tasks • Example: commission plan

10. What did Progressives push the Government for? • Direct Primary: a party election in which all party members vote for a candidate to run in the general election • Initiative: groups of citizens to introduce legislation and required legislature to vote on it. • Referendum: voters demand a special election to remove an elected official from office. • 17th Amendment: direct elections of senators. • 19th Amendment: women’s right to vote

11. What did Progressives push the government for? (continued) • Worked to end child labor, created building codes, workers’ compensation laws, zoning laws, health codes, and make work environment safer for workers, temperance/prohibition. • Free enterprise