Group Project Assignment For The 9 TH Executive Development Programme For Senior Government Officers University Brunei

1. NATIONAL SERVICE BRUNEI PERSPECTIVE Group Project Assignment For The 9TH Executive Development Programme For Senior Government Officers University Brunei Darussalam 17th January 2005 to 1ST May 2005 Lt Colonel Pg Mohamad Noor Bin Pg Hj Muhidi Directorate Training Ministry Of Defence Awang Abd Mutalib Bin Hj Md Idris Acting Tutong Officer Ministry Of Home Affair Awang Arsad Bin Abd Hadis Acting Director Co- curriculum EducationDepartment Ministry Of Education Awang Hj Ahmad Bin Mat Yassin Assistant Director Of Administration Ministry Of Defence

2. Presentation For The Day Introduction By Awang Abd Mutalib Bin Hj Md Idris Main Presentation by Lt Colonel Pg Mohamad Noor BIN Pg Hj Muhidi Question & Answers ENDEX

3. THE INTRODUCTION OF NATIONAL SERVICE IN NEGARA BRUNEI DARUSSALAM PERSPECTIVE NATIONAL SERVICE “TITAH” KEBAWAH DULI ANG MAHA MULIA PADUKA SERI BAGINDA SULTAN HAJI HASSANAL BOLKIAH MU’IZZADDIN WADDAULLAH SULTAN DAN YANG DIPERTUAN NEGARA BRUNEI DARUSSALAM DIMAJLIS PERASMIAN JAMBORI NASIONAL KEDUA NEGARA BRUNEI DARUSSALAM PADA 22 OGOS 1989

4. “ menyedari pada hakikat bahawa belia-belia di-negara ini adalah merupakan satu asset yang besar kapada Negara dan perlunya bagi Negara Brunei Darussalam mempunyai belia-belia yang penuh dedikasi dan commitment kepada tangungjawab dan tugas masing-masing. Agensi-agensi kerajaan semestinyalah mengaturkan satu rancanganyang terperinci dan berterusan di sepanjang tahun untuk membimbing belia-belia di Negara ini yang berharapkan bimbingan dan dorongan. • Rancanan belia yang kita maksudkan itu mestilah berteraskan kepada ciri-ciri tempatan yang mana akan memberikan kefahaman sepenuhnya tentang matalamat dan aspirasi dan seterusnya membimbing belia-belia di Negara ini sebagai masyarakat yang berani pada mempertahankan hak negaranya sebagai sebuah bangsa yang merdeka lagi berdaulat dan bersedia mempertahankan kesucian agama islam di Negara ini. • Insya allah, dengan cara demikian belia-belia di Negara ini akan terhindar daripada golongan tanpa haluan dan terhumbang-ambing yang mana akhirnya akan menimbulkan berbagai-bagai gejala masyarakat yang kurang sihat. • Bagi mencapai matalamat ini, satu skim latihan belia yang bersesuaian dengan keperluan Negara, seperti yang terdapat di Negara-negara lain, yang mana Negara Brunei Darussalam ada menghantar belia-belia untuk berlatih, haruslah ditubuhkan di Negara ini dan ianya nanti akan melibatkan belia-belia di Negara Brunei Darussalam sama ada yang berkerja dengan pihak kerajaan dan swasta mahupun belia-belia yang berada di kampong-kampung dan mereka yang masih di bangku sekolah dan institusi pengajian tinggi di dalam mahupun di luar negeri.”

5. INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION The prescriptive formula for what the concept, structure or content of a National Service must be determine base on her Political-Socio-cultural heritage and the views of all stakeholders. Defense is one of the most sensitive and difficult subjects for the public to understand. Reactions in public opinion often had irrational basis. When individuals are deprived of freedom and confronted with danger, they have no hesitation in pitching in and fighting, but in absence of an immediate threat, public opinion is indifferent, passive and even blind. Informing, explaining, discussing, and educating are what we should be doing. National Service will be a challenging task and it will require significantly big funding, but the benefits to our nation and citizens will be well worth as a great effort and a worthy great investment.

6. NATIONAL SERVICE ESSENCE OF PATRIOTIC COMMITMENT “National service is a crucial means of making our patriotism real, to the benefit of both ourselves and our country” “John McCain US Senator” National service, both civilian and military, can embody the virtues of patriotism whether today's young people would be willing to make the sacrifices necessary to meet such challenges. What is lacking today is not a need for patriotic service, nor a willingness to serve, but the opportunity.If we are to have a growth or a resurgence of patriotic service in this country, then programs like National Service must be introduced in ways that inspire the nation both civilian and military, a rite of passage for young Bruneians through :

7. NATIONAL SERVICE ESSENCE OF PATRIOTIC COMMITMENT National Service through Conscription National Service National Civil Defence through National Service National Service For Nation Building Civil Education through National Service I believe National Service needs to be expanded and changed, in ways that do not alter those aspects of the program that make it effective, but that build greater espirit de corps among members and encourage a sense of national unity and mission

8. MILITARY NATIONAL SERVICE PROGRAMMES – CONSCRIPTION ? Conscription to military service a system whereby the country requires all men ( maybe women ) to serve a period in the Armed Forces Military National Service programs utilize aspects of military service, eg discipline and organisation. The Military Service is seen as a central to the process of Socializing Youth i.e binding and developing self discipline, loyalty and bonding trust etc. CIVIL DEFENCE NATIONAL SERVICE PROGRAMMES – PARA MILITARY ? Civil Defence system whereby the country requires men and women to serve a period in National Civil Defence Force as a mandatory national service. National Civil Defence Force are trained on basic military training but primarily they are trained, equipped and developed for active duties for national & regional and international natural disaster crisis and to provide humanitarian assistant/operations during conflicts

9. NATIONAL POLICY ON NATIONAL SERVICE The aspiration and needs of the nation, the government, will recognized the need to introduce the National Service Scheme, but with a shift in emphasis from the military with civil Defence system. Accordingly, the government should conduct careful studies on National Service Schemes in other countries with a view to introduce a Brunei National Service program. The National Policy will adopt appropriate concept and objectives inspired by the people and the nation

10. : CONCEPT AND OBJECTIVES. The objectives defined for National Service are as follows: To give such orientation to the youths as will imbue them with the spirit of selflessness, patriotism, and community consciousness To develop and create effective national youths as an objective nurturing responsible citizenship and leadership in nation building and national development To create a national cadre ship of disciplined youths and to develop leadership qualities and skills amongst them;

11. CONTINUE : CONCEPT AND OBJECTIVES. To promote national unity and equality through shared experiences; To develop among Bruneians a conscious cadre ship that can comprehend and articulate government policies and planned programs of action; To enable the youths to appreciate the merits of individual and collective involvement in national development projects instill in the youths an awareness of the importance of conserving our natural heritage, resources and identity

12. NATIONAL SERVICE OBLIGATION Obligation For Young Brunei Bumiputras It is the obligation of every citizen of the Brunei Darussalam, and every other person residing in and outside Negara Brunei Darussalam, who is between the national ages of 18 and 25 to perform a period of service as prescribed in The National Service Act unless exempted under the provisions of this Act.

13. THE MILITARY CONSCRIPTS & NATIONAL SERVICE DILEMMAS MANIFESTO AGAINST CONSCRIPTION AND THE MILITARY SYSTEM It is debasing human dignity to force men to give up their life, or to inflict death against their will, or without conviction as to the justice of their action. The State which thinks itself entitled to force its citizens to go to war will never pay proper regard to the value and happiness of their lives in peace. Moreover, by conscription the militarist spirit of aggressiveness is implanted in the whole male population at the most impressionable age. By training for war men come to consider war as unavoidable and even desirable." Military training is schooling of body and spirit in the art of killing. Military training is education for war. It is the perpetuation of war spirit. It hinders the development of the desire for peace. " Anti-Conscription Manifesto 1926, Against Conscription and the Military Training of Youth 1930,

14. Conscription Crisis • Conscription - Arguments for and against conscription • Valuable Training • Some argue that peacetime conscription is an ideal tool for teaching a population basic, • important skills such as first aid, swimming, wilderness survival et cetera. However, these skills might better be taught in the public school system. • Personnel Diversity • Perhaps the kind of people who most strongly want to be in the military are • not the only kind of people you want in it. Conscripts come from other backgrounds and might have differing opinions and views. A diverse group is more likely to succeed at any task. Still, the lower morale of conscripts may make them less useful in actual combat situations, especially in wars of aggression. • The Draft As Slavery • "Conscription subjects individual personalities to militarism. It is a form of servitude. • That nations routinely tolerate it, is just one more proof of its debilitating influence • "by Albert Einstein, Sigmund Freud, H.G. Wells, Bertrand Russell and Thomas Mann in • Against Conscription and the Military Training of Youth--1930

15. EXISTING CONSCRIPT MILITARY NATIONAL SERVICE AND NATIONAL CIVIL DEFENCE FORCE National Service was the name given to the system of military conscription employed in Great Britain but not Northern Ireland) between 1949 and 1960. The same term is still used to describe the compulsory military (and sometimes civilian) service that is still implemented in some countries, including Singapore, Greece, Malaysia and the Russian Federation COUNTRIES WITH MANDATORY NATIONAL SERVICE Austria Brazil Bulgaria China (PRC) Croatia Cyprus Eritrea Finland Germany Greece Israel LebanonMalaysia Norway Poland Romania Russia Singapore South Korea Sweden Switzerland Taiwan (ROC)Venezuela

16. An Existing Conscript National Service Organization And National Defence Force PROGRAM KHIDMAT NEGARA MALAYSIA SINGAPORE CONSCRIPT NATIONAL SERVICE SINGAPORE CIVIL DEFENSE FORCE

17. NEGARA BRUNEI DARUSSALAM PROPOSED ORGANISATION STRUCTURE AND PROGRAMMES OF MANDATORY NATIONAL SERVICE Mandatory full time National Service enlistment at the age / between the age of 18 to 25 years old with mandatory annual reservist call-out duty amounting to 60 days and serve as reservist National Servicemen until a total of 20 years service in Brunei National Service Duty, or National Service enlistment at the age of 18 years old with mandatory annual reservist call-out duty amounting to 60 days until a total of 20 years of Reservist Duty Service in National Service Duty. Para-Military uniform organization sponsored by Ministry of Defence with calibration and alignment with all government ministries and agencies, schools, colleges , private sectors, services and agencies in accordance to a Brunei Legal Act on ‘Brunei National Service Act’.

18. NEGARA BRUNEI DARUSSALAM NATIONAL SERVICE CIVIL DEFENCE FORCE PROGRAMMES Military Training National Servicemen: 4 Months of National Servicemen BMT (Basic Military Training)- Mandatory 20 months of Active/Specialist Training – Mandatory immediately after BMT National Service Officers: 6 months of National Service Officer Cadet Training in RBAF Training Institute (OCS) - Mandatory 20 months of Command/Staff duties and active/Specialist Training – Mandatory immediately after BMT 20 Years Total Terms of National Service

19. Military Training (Mandatory Full Time Active BMT Training & Active National Service ( NSCDF). 4 Months BMT (Basic Military Training) for National Servicemen 6 months OCS Training (Officer Cadet School) for potential National Service Officers 20 months Full time active Basic Military Training, Specialist Training, National & International Natural Disaster & National and International Crisisand conflict Operational Training ( Mandatory immediately after BMT) 20 months for NS Officers, Full time active Basic Military Training, Specialist Training , National & International Natural Disaster & National and International Crisis Operational Training ( Mandatory immediately after 6 Months OCS ) ( Academics and vocational programs & studies for Upper Secondary, O’Levels and A’Levels enlistees included within the whole 20 months mandatory active duty periods (ABDB Boys Wing Concept) )

20. Annual Reservist Duty for Brunei NSCDF ( Brunei National Service Civil Defense Force) In-Service Training of 60 Days NS Mobilisation Retraining and Active Duties: Reservist retraining programme or active reservist duties at a minimum of 14 days duration reservist in-camp training or duties; Military Knowledge, basic/advance military skills, military field crafts, military Combat Fitness Training, evaluation and validations: Parades - Fitness - Weapons training and firing - Military Basic skills and field crafts NSCDF National Mobilisation call-out exercise for national crisis situation. Active duties on Nation Building Operations and Humanitarian Duties, national or abroad Advance military Training in specialization courses/training in Nation Building and Humanitarian Operations NS Officers basic and advance courses seminars or training on military and humanitarian operations

21. Brunei Civil Defence Force Operational Duties/ Training / Exercises/ Courses/ Seminars Programmes Military/ Security Training Natural Disaster Management & Operation Duties/ Training/ Courses/ Exercises Field/ Technical Engineering Communication Medical aide Training Fire fighting and other fire services and operational duties and rescues International & National Humanitarian aide assistant Duties & training International Observation and Peace-Keeping operations training & duties in conflict zones & areas - Training/ Courses/ Workshops/ Seminars Civic Education/Counseling / Legal Training International Multi National Forces courses seminars workshops and exercises Basic/ Advance Internal Security Operations Adventure training/ Sports Activities

22. National Service Civil Defense Force In-Service Training of 60 Days Retraining and Active Duties: Reservist retraining programme or active reservist duties at a minimum of 14 days duration reservist in-camp training or duties; Military Knowledge, basic/advance military skills, military field crafts, military Combat Fitness Training, evaluation and validations: Parades - Fitness - Weapons training and firing - Military Basic skills and field crafts NSCDF National Mobilisation call-out exercise for national crisis situation. Active duties on Nation Building operations and Humanitarian Duties, national or abroad Advance military Training in specialization courses/training in Nation Building and Humanitarian Operations NS Officers basic and advance courses seminars or training on military and humanitarian operations

23. Why Should National Service Be Introduce In Negara Brunei Darussalam The introduction of the National Service Civil Defence Force is not aimed and a mean of increasing Army strength. What it need is to work alongside the civil, together playing and active role building, promoting and defending peace The vision and objectives of National Service Civil Defence Force are: To create non- fighting/combatant function National Service Civil Defence Force within the army; To create a national cadre ship of disciplined youths and to develop leadership qualities and skills amongst them; To promote national unity and equality through shared experiences; To develop among Bruneians a conscious cadre ship that can comprehend and articulate government policies and planned programs of action;

24. Why Should National Service Be Introduce In Negara Brunei Darussalam To give such orientation to the youths as will imbue them with the spirit of selflessness, patriotism, and community consciousness; To enable the youths to appreciate the merits of individual and collective involvement in national development projects at little or no financial reward; To instill in the youths an awareness of the importance of conserving our natural heritage, resources and identity; Continue:

25. PROPOSED NATIONAL SERVICE CIVIL DEFENCE FORCE ORGANISATION MINISTRY OF DEFENCE RBAF PB DB TD DB TL DB TU DB TRAINING INSTITUTE CIVIL DEFENCE FORCE NSCDF PL NSCDF PL TD DB PL TL DB NSCDF BRUNEI/MUARA OCS NSCDF PL TU DB BMT NSCDF NSCDF TUTONG PL AT ABDB NSCDF SERIA /BELAIT COURSE COY NSCDF PL TEK ABDB NSCDF TEMBURONG PL NSDF

26. National Service Mechanisms The National Service Civil Defence Force scheme rendered 18 year old males Bumiputras are liable to perform the mandatory Negara Brunei National Service. Females are invited to enrolled in the National Service voluntarily. The latest population statistics by age group and genders for the year 2002-2003 published by Department of Economic Planning And Development, Prime Minister Office is as follows: Population by Age Groups and Gender

27. With an assumption of 8000 eligible males between the age of 18 – 25 a year, approximately 6000 are eligible to train and serve within the training cycle year. • Exemption and deferments of their liability from National service are gained through the provisions stated in the Brunei National Service Act. • Using assumptions proportions estimates: • 1 per cent would be exempted through court-approved objectors, • 10 per cent would gain deferments of liability to serve because they are • pursuing studies which cannot be interrupted • 10 per cent would gain exemptions because they join the army or the police. • 5 per cents are under police investigations or under courts civil criminal proceedings • - 5 per cent under medical exemption and others

28. NOTIONAL 5 YEARS EXERCISE IN THE FORMATION AND ESTABLISHMENT OF NASIONAL SERVICE NASIONAL SERVICE CIVIL DEFENCE FORCE (NSCDF) Assumptions: The Negara Brunei Darussalam National Service Act has been passed The first Brunei National Service formation is in the year 2008 Approximately 6000 18 years old males are eligible for enlistment annually, first intake born from 1st January 2008 excluding those differed in accordance to the National Service Act Every NS Intake will train 500 NS in BMT NSCDF Training Center and 200 NS Cadet Officers in RBAF TI Officer Cadet School

29. TRAINED/ACTIVE SERVICE AND RESERVIST DUTY FOR NATIONAL SERVICEMEN IN 5 YEARS TRAINED/ACTIVE SERVICE AND RESERVIST DUTY FOR NATIONAL SERVICEMEN IN 5 YEARS

31. TRAINED/ ACTIVE SERVICE AND RESERVIST DUTY FOR NATIONAL SERVICE OFFICERS IN 5 YEARS

32. TRAINED/ ACTIVE SERVICE AND RESERVIST DUTY FOR NATIONAL SERVICE OFFICERS IN 5 YEARS

33. FINANCIAL REQUIREMENT To obtain indicative costing to established and manage a National Service Scheme as discussed in this paper, it is necessary only to produce an assumption cost exercise . The assumption is that National Servicemen will be paid equivalent as RBAF Recruits or Officer Cadets and regular Army trained NCOs and Officers. how much equipment, transports and other logistics requirement would be needed to train and operationally serve. It will need significant amount of equipment and facilities without taking from the existing services. requirement for additional accommodation and facilities for recruit and other trainings (National Service Civil Defence Force Training Centre) barracks, recreation facilities, etc. the cost of administering the National Service Scheme restructuring the Army to manage the NSCDF including the ABDB Training Institute and other Ministries Training centers that will calibrate in the training of National Service.

34. ISSUE AND CHALLENGES The introduction of National Service into Brunei like any other conscription, the Draft etc, will face resistance and will have many negatives argument. National Service would always be expected to be mapped out to suit the needs of the nation and not to hinder any individual rights. Some argue that peacetime conscription is an ideal tool for teaching a population basic, important skills such as first aid, swimming, wilderness survival et cetera. However, these skills might better be taught in the public school system.

35. ISSUE AND CHALLENGES One will address the cost benefit on the introduction of this scheme and it will require significantly big funding. The greatest challenge will be the to obey and adhere to the rules, regulations and conditions of the “National Service Act’. So many will exploit and abuse the rules and conditions of exemption and deferments of their liability from National service through the provisions stated in the Brunei National Service Act. Informing, explaining, discussing, and educating are what we should be doing. National Service will be a challenging task It is then essential to establish a National Defence Policy and Strategy.

36. RECOMMENDATIONS • The formation and establishment of Mandatory National Service in the concept of a Civil Defence Force in Negara Brunei perspective as elaborated in this paper is certainly a worthwhile report to be consider as it has an objectives towards a positive reforms for a new Brunei generation. • A Legitimate National Service Act must be formulated and produced in order to fulfill such plan and objectives • A National White Paper must be produced formulating and regulating the plan and objectives of the introduction of National Service Civil Defence Force in Brunei Perspective • Restructuring the Army to manage and administer the NSCDF including the ABDB Training Institute is to be studied deeply • The collaboration of all ministries in providing assistance and service within its’ existing infrastructures, including training and management will be required to be studied so as to produce an integrated plan programmed for national service schemes and its operations.

37. RECOMMENDATIONS The concept to be adopted in the daily management and operation of an active National units with its active National Servicemen/officers is within the concept and context of the Boys Wing Unit of ABDB. Ministry of Education will be one of the major partner collaborated to established the daily management and training of the National Servicemen/Officers. The National Service Schemes will be organized as follows:

38. RECOMMENDATIONS MINISTRY OF DEFENCE RBAF - Basic Military Training - Officers Training - Humanitarian Operations - UN / International Aides During Disaster/Conflict - School Of Studies – Academic and Vocational Studies - Combat and Land Engineering - Military Medical Aides & Evacuation Operations - Consoling Services - Legal/Religious Services - Military Police MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS - Fire Brigade Services - Rescue Team Operations - Fire Fighting MINISTRY YOUTHS CULTURE AND SPORT -Youths Programmes -Sports -Welfare MINISTRY OF HEALTH - Medical Services Training - Nursing Training - Medical Emergency - Medical Rescue • MINISTRY OF EDUCATION • - O and A Level • Academic • Studies • - Other Relevant • Academic • Studies • Vocational • Studies • Teachers / • - Schools • Infrastructure • & other school • Facilities

39. CONCLUSION National Service Civil Defence Force of Negara Brunei Darussalam established base on the criteria written above detailed a goal towards an enrichment of public and civil identity, their service that contributes to the growth and peace of the nation. It’s objectives together will create an effective and motivated young civil servicemen and produce active citizenship and this was stated goal in the titah of His Majesty . Naturally it is expected that there will be some resistance and some possible signs of difficulties, but there will be significant support fostering positive expectations toward this service.

40. It is a pledge by the nation for a positive transition of an individual into civil serviceman developed as an active citizen owning a self-esteem, confident and a motivated individual to serve the country and nation with positive ideas and values. The main duty of the National Service Civil Defense Force is to defend the sovereignty and integrity of the country within their specific roles and to participate in joint missions, take part in international peacekeeping and humanitarian missions under the auspices of other international organizations and aiding and managing natural catastrophes A strong defence is a major foundation upon which economic growth rests. The symbiotic relationship between economic development and security is a well recognized fact. With the establishment of National Service Civil Defence Force, we will have to consider establishing a strategic collaboration between all government Ministries and its institutions to create the professional infrastructures necessary to support this National Service.

41. TRAINED/ ACTIVE SERVICE AND RESERVIST DUTY FOR NATIONAL SERVICE OFFICERS IN 5 YEARS The success of this establishment requires great political will and support from our political forces and masters. The mandatory National service is going to be recognized as a service equal to the military and other services, acknowledged and rewarded by the Government. The integration between military and civil will be much more significantly successful to go for joint missions at humanitarian operations. But the utmost important success of this service will be the creation of a new Brunei generation imbue with the spirit of selflessness, patriotism, and community consciousness and a generation with a positive cultural context of partnership and belongings with positive ideas and values base on her (Brunei Darussalam) Political-Socio-cultural heritage

42. The objectives towards a positive reforms for a new Brunei generation through national service requires professional and sincere committeemen and determination from all public and private agencies involved in the management and operations of the National Service Scheme. By the will of Allah almighty, Insya Allah, as aspired by His Majesty The Sultan Of Negara Brunei Darussalam, through this National Service Scheme, Brunei will create, produce and promote a new generation imbued for national unity to defend our nation sovereignty, to protect its territorial integrity and interest, and maintain the freedom and independence.

43. Any Question ????

44. Thank you Your message will appear here.Feel free to express yourself in as many words as you like.

46. In conclusion, no matter how dedicated and focused we are towards our responsibilities, no matter how much success and progress we have acquire and achieve in training and developing human resources, no matter how much ITs (technologies) we have use and install to enhance our performances and no matter how much UBD has successfully develop the government champions and elites in the EDPSGO ( especially the champions and elites of 9TH EDPSGO 2005), without the the national strategy, policy and its objectives transparently transmitted by the political masters informing the future way ahead of the nation relating to the government and her politics, her economy , her defence and security and her services for the well being of the nation and her subjects, eg. eduation and health, unless there are certainties to indicate the political will of the nation to guide ,direct, govern and regulate its National missions and visions, for there are these questions, thoughts and perceptions of her people, the local and foreign entrepreneurs, her friends and her enemies considering and accessing whether is Brunei trulyThe Kingdom of Unexpected Treasures or is it The Land Of Uncertainty