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Accelerator Studies for Linear Colliders

This study explores the similarities between the ILC (500 GeV) and CLIC (3 TeV), and the UK's expertise in key areas such as beam delivery system, positron source, and damping ring design. The study also highlights the UK's leadership and management role in these areas.

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Accelerator Studies for Linear Colliders

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  1. Accelerator Studies for Linear Colliders Jim Clarke,ASTeC, Daresbury Laboratory PPAP, Birmingham 14th July, 2009

  2. The ILC 500 GeV Based upon SC RF Linacs

  3. CLIC Layout (3 TeV) Up to 3 TeV Based upon NC RF Linacs & novel RF power source Drive Beam Generation Complex Main Beam Generation Complex Delahaye

  4. Beam Parameters ILC (500)CLIC (3 TeV) Electrons/bunch 0.750.37 10**10 Bunches/train 2820312 Train repetition rate 550 Hz Bunch separation 3080.5 ns Train length 8680.156 us Horizontal IP beam size 65545 nm Vertical IP beam size 60.9 nm Longitudinal IP beam size 30045 um Luminosity 26 10**34 ILC & CLIC have a lot more in common than it appears at first glance ! UK studies are applicable to both.

  5. UK LC-ABD Collaboration Abertay Birmingham Daresbury Lab. Cambridge Dundee Durham Lancaster Liverpool Manchester Oxford University College London Royal Holloway Rutherford-Appleton Lab.

  6. UK LC-ABD Collaboration Abertay Birmingham Daresbury Lab. Cambridge Dundee Durham Lancaster Liverpool Manchester Oxford University College London Royal Holloway Rutherford-Appleton Lab.

  7. LCABD expertise • Beam delivery system: • accelerator physics + design integration: low-emittance transport • crab cavity • beam dumps • collimation system • instrumentation: emittance measurement, feedback, control • vacuum system • Positron source: • undulator • photon target • system design • Damping rings: • vacuum • beam instabilities • system design • UK requested to provide leadership + management in key areas

  8. LCABD expertise • Beam delivery system: • accelerator physics + design integration: low-emittance transport • crab cavity • beam dumps • collimation system • instrumentation: emittance measurement, feedback, control • vacuum system • Positron source: • undulator • photon target • system design • Damping rings: • vacuum • beam instabilities • system design • UK requested to provide leadership + management in key areas APPLICABLE TO ILC AND CLIC!

  9. beam T480 (prelim.) Jul. ’06 run Deflection (mrad) Collimator y (mm) Example: Collimator design + testing Made most detailed Simulations of spoiler jaw damage to date. Designed, modelled and tested collimators at SLAC ESA facility E.M. predictions GdfidL vs. ECHO (ESA collims. 1- 8) Kick factor (V/pC/mm) J. Smith et al

  10. Example: Crab Cavity Development Design, Model, Measure

  11. Example: Crab Cavity Stability Verification Test stand at Cockcroft Institute

  12. EuCARD: Crab Cavities • CLIC-CC R&D: • Multi-cell 11.9942 GHz dipole-mode cavity developed. • Various mode damping schemes investigated: • Choke • Waveguide • An optimised 7-cell, waveguide damped design being investigated further. • LHC-CC R&D: • Both Phase-I (800 MHz) and Phase-II (400 MHz) solutions being developed. • Cavity modelling, mode damping and multipactor investigations ongoing. Phase-I Phase-II • LLRF R&D: • CLIC-CC and LHC-CC phase control models under development.

  13. Example: Positron Source Undulator • Design of superconducting helical undulator • Magnet • Vacuum • Wakefields • Synchrotron Radiation • Cryogenics • Several short prototypes fabricated and tested • UK solution adopted by ILC • Full scale cryomodule constructed at RAL • Skills gained are now being applied to light sources such as Diamond • EuCARD is supporting UK development of Nb3Sn undulator development

  14. Example: Positron Source Undulator ILC Positron Source undulator with RDR Parameters under test at RAL

  15. Example: Positron Target • Rapidly rotating photon target in magnetic field causes major eddy current losses • Prototype constructed at Cockcroft Institute to quantify effect • Comparison with alternative simulations

  16. Example: Damping Ring Design and Integration Tapered Vessel Pumping Port Ante-Chambered Vessel Straight Cylindrical Vessel Tapered Vessel Gate Valves Electron Vessel BPM Station (Electron) Gate Valves Positron Vessel BPM Station (Positron) Typical Gate Valve Supports Engineering of ILC Damping Ring including vacuum design being led by Cockcroft Institute Sliding Fixed

  17. Example: Damping Ring Design and Integration Digital Length Gauges 0.5 um Resolution BPM Reference Pillars Electron End View Positron End View Position Encoders Ground Surfaces • Fitted on all BPM Blocks • Reference Pillar provides reference points • for the beam orbit. • Position Encoders monitor any motion of • BPMs from thermal or mechanical effects • Similar system to Diamond BPM Bellows Arrangement

  18. Example: BDSIM Software CLIC BDS collimation with secondary particle production + wakefields • Collimation Efficiency • BDS Optimisation • Shielding • Muon production and tracking • MDI optimisation • Radiation levels • Accelerator style tracking incorporated on top of Geant4 • New processes are being added (recently wake-fields) • Also currently being applied to LHC plus upgrades Detector IR in BDSIM Phys Rev ST-AB (2009) accepted Nucl. Instr, Meth. A 606 (2009) 708-712

  19. Example: CLIC Main Linac • EuCARD – design of main accelerating linac structures incorporating wake function suppression (Manchester). CLIC needs 142,812 of these! • Design focusses on moderate damping combined with strong detuning of interleaved structures. • Structures will be built and measured on the CTF3 modules – design to be verified! • Early design indicates potential to reduce damaging pulse temperature heating CLIC Module for CTF3 Potential Univ. Manchester/CI Structure for CFT3 Module R Jones

  20. Example: RF Cavities • EuCARD - 3.9 GHz (third harmonic) bunch shaping cavities • Cryomodule, consisting of four 3.9GHz cavities, will be installed in 2010 at FLASH photoinjector downstream of the first 1.3 GHz cryomodule (consisting of 8 cavities). • 3.9 GHz cavities will be measured, HOMBPM electronics will be custom-built and alignment inferred from HOM read-outs Third harmonic bunch shaping cavity –designed at FNAL • New optimised design, NLSF (New Low Surface Field) for main 1.3 GHz linacs with greater stability (larger bandwidth) NLSF design (UniMan/CI) compared to existing designs R Jones

  21. Example: CLIC Drive Beam Quads • CLIC drive beam has a quadrupole magnet every meter • 42,000 quads !!! • Major cost & time to build • Huge power & heating problems • Novel solutions being investigated • Applicable to many accelerators • ASTeC/CERN collaboration Two possible permanent magnet solutions Ben Shepherd

  22. Test Facilities: ATF2 Scaled down model of LC final focus @ KEK, Japan ATF2

  23. Test Facilities: Laser Wire Phys Rev ST-AB 10 (2007) 112801 • PETRA3 at DESY - Aim for: • Reliability • Speed • Generic technology also applicable to Linac4/SPL/ESS • ATF2 at KEK - Aim for: • Challenging μm scale • ILC/CLIC specification Ultra-fast scanning using EO: Beam images and profiles during scan 23 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 (2009) 1 Nucl. Instr, Meth. A 592 (2008) 162-170

  24. Test Facilities: FONT4 prototype at ATF Fast feedback systems needed for intra-bunch stabilityTest with beam at ATF Kicker BPM 1 BPM 2 BPM 3 e- Analogue BPM processor Drive amplifier Digital feedback

  25. Test Facilities: FONT4 prototype at ATF Fast feedback systems needed for intra-bunch stabilityTest with beam at ATF Kicker BPM 1 BPM 2 BPM 3 e- Analogue BPM processor Drive amplifier Digital feedback

  26. Test Facilities: MONALISA @ ATF2 Bowtie arrangement Compact Straightness Monitor (CSM) Combined interferometers give 3D position measurement Retro-reflectors Laser launch 100 mm • CSM at ATF-2 • between: • Shintake monitor • QD zero (final quadrupole) • Measures relative • vertical displacements • at the • nanometre level Test stand at Oxford N.B. A CSM is also being designed for CLIC

  27. Test Facilities: optics and simulation FONT ATF2 simulation Optics model verification • ATF2 major test facility for ILC like optics, diagnostics, operations • Currently commissioning • Feedback operation essential for stable ILC like focus • Verify optics models, online verification of optical models on running accelerator

  28. F D F F D D F F D D F F F F D D F F F F F F D D F D D D D D F F D D D D F F D D F F D D F F D D D F F D D D D F D D F D F Test Facilities: CTF3 2004 2005 Thermionic gun Linac DL CR 2006/7 F F D D D D F F F F D D F F D D F F F F D D F F F F F F D D F F D D D D D D F F D D D D F F D D F F D D D D F F F F D D D D D D F F F F D D D D D D D D F F D D D D F F D D F F CLEX CTF2 CLEX2007-2009 building in 2006/7 30 GHz production (PETS line) and test stand Photo injector / laser tests from Oct. 2008 TL2 2008

  29. Test Facilities: CDR Monitor on CTF3 Coherent Diffraction Radiation (CDR) appears when a charged particle moves in the vicinity of a medium in the wavelength range comparable to or longer than an electron bunch. • Advantages: • Non-Invasive method • Instantaneous emission • Large emission angles • Single shot measurements First Experimental results Horizontal polarization component CDR setup at CTF3 Target orientation angle (deg) Target position from the beam line (mm)

  30. LCABD Status • Investment (PPARC, CCLRC, STFC) allowed LCABD to gain a major strategic position in linear colliders • Expertise applicable to light sources (and more generically) • Funding was cut by 75% in STFC Delivery Plan (Dec 2007) • £4M to £1M • Currently maintaining (some) critical leadership + R&D • Without new investment the skills base will erode rapidly • Opportunity now to benefit from step-change in CERN position on linear colliders • UK work is fully aligned with ILC/CLIC collaboration • LCABD submitted SoI to STFC (May 09) • SoI requested 6FTEs (RA & technical staff) + £100k p.a. to start 2010 so UK can make significant contribution to CLIC TDR

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