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Learning Objectives

Learning Objectives. The changing face of U.S. business The scope of the international marketing task The importance of the self-reference criterion (SRC) in international marketing The progression of becoming a global marketer The increasing importance of global awareness.

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Learning Objectives

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  1. Learning Objectives • The changing face of U.S. business • The scope of the international marketing task • The importance of the self-reference criterion (SRC) in international marketing • The progression of becoming a global marketer • The increasing importance of global awareness

  2. Events and Trends Affecting Global Business • The rapid growth of the World Trade Organization and regional free trade areas • The trend toward the acceptance of the free market system among developing countries in Latin America, Asia, and eastern Europe • The burgeoning impact of the Internet, mobile phones, and other global media on the dissolution of national borders • The mandate to properly manage the resources and global environment for the generations to come

  3. International Marketing Defined d International marketing is the performance of business activities designed to plan, price, promote, and direct the flow of a company’s goods and services to consumers or users in more than one nation for a profit.

  4. The International Marketing Task • Insert Exhibit 1.3

  5. Environmental Adaptation Needed • Be able to interpret effectively the influence and impact of the culture in which you hope to do business • Cultural adjustments • Establish a frame of reference • Avoid measuring and assessing markets against the fixed values and assumptions of your own culture

  6. The Self-Reference Criterion and Ethnocentrism • The key to successful international marketing is adaptation to the environmental differences from one market to another. • A Primary obstacle is – self-reference criterion SRCis an unconscious reference to one’s own cultural values, experiences, and knowledge as a basis for decisions. Ethnocentrism is the notion that one’s own culture or company knows best how to do things.

  7. The Self-Reference Criterion • Dangers of the SRC: • Failing to recognize the need to take action • Discounting the cultural differences that exist • Reacting to a situation in a way offensive to your hosts • Ethnocentrism and the SRC can influence an evaluation of the appropriateness of a domestically designed marketing mix for a foreign market. • The most effective way to control the influence of ethnocentrism and the SRC is to recognize their effects on our behavior.

  8. Framework for Cross-cultural Analysis • Define the business problem or goal in home-country cultural traits, habits, or norms. • Define the business problem or goal in foreign-country cultural traits, habits, or norms through consultation with natives of the target country. Make no value judgments. • Isolate the SRC influence in the problem and examine it carefully to see how it complicates the problem. • Redefine the problem without the SRC influence and solve for the optimum business goal situation.

  9. Developing a Global Awareness • Tolerance of cultural differences: • Understanding cultural differences and accepting and working with others whose behavior may be different • Knowledge of cultures, history, world market potential, global economic, social, and political trends • Approaches to global awareness: • Select individual managers specifically for their demonstrated global awareness • Develop personal relationships in other countries • Have a culturally diverse senior executive staff

  10. Stages of International Marketing Involvement • No direct foreign marketing • Infrequent foreign marketing • Regular foreign marketing • International marketing • Global marketing

  11. Strategic Orientation • Domestic market extension orientation • Multidomestic market orientation • Global market orientation

  12. Summary • The internationalization of American business is proceeding with increasing pace. • The globalization of markets and competition necessitates all managers to pay attention to the global environment. • International marketing is defined as the performance of business activities across national borders. • Environmental differences such as laws, customs, and cultures must be taken into account if firms are to market products and services at a profit in other countries.

  13. Summary (continued) • Self-reference criteria and ethnocentrism limit the international marketer’s abilities to understand and adapt to differences prevalent in foreign markets. Solutions: • Global awareness • Sensitivity • Strategic orientations found among managers of international marketing operations: • Domestic market extension orientation • Multidomestic market orientation • Global market orientation

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