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Explore the evolution from Medieval to Renaissance art, highlighting the shift to human-centered themes, realism, and perspective techniques. Learn about key artists like Giotto, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Leonardo da Vinci.
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Middle Ages vs. Renaissance Art • During the medieval period, the dominant theme of art was the glory of God and his authority over humanity. • During the Renaissance with the influence of humanists, human beings were portrayed as the central figures in life on earth.
Art of the Middle Ages “Icon with the virgin Hodegetria” Thessalonike,Greece 1360-70 Byzantinedepiction of crucifixion, artist unknown
More art of Middle Ages (Romanesque) “Christ and the adoration of the Magi”, Master of Pedret. Spain 1100 CE
Gothic Art Jean Pucelle, “The betrayal of Christ and Annunciation”, 1325-1328
Characteristics of renaissance Art • Influenced by artistic achievements of classical Greece and Rome, especially in sculpture and architecture. • Early Renaissance painters treated religious themes with a lifelike approach. • Later Renaissance painters also employed a realistic style and continued to recreate biblical events.
Realism and Perspective • Painting in the Renaissance marked a dramatic change in the way artists perceived their subjects. • Emphasized realism, attention to detail, and desire for perfection. • The technique artists used to achieve realism in Renaissance painting is known as perspective.
Dimension and Perspective • Through perspective, artists created the illusion of a three-dimensional world on a two-dimensional surface. • Through the use of light and shadow, artists try to make feelings and ideas show in the face and body. • Portrait of Jacopo Strada
Renaissance Painting Perspective: representing correct spatial relationships using various scientific methods and mathematics to correctly show distance and proportion In 1435, Leon Battista Alberti (1404-1472) credited with describing linear perspective The painter is now painting for the viewer not for God?
Giotto di Bondone 1267-1337“the missing link” Giotto introduced perspective to his art which was still dominated by Christian themes His work becomes more elaborate and both foreground and background are given intense detail and tell more complex stories
Perspective: “Ceiling of Camera” Andrea Mantegna, Ducal Palace, Mantua 1471-74
Humanism in the Art World • “Humanism” also hit the art world during the Renaissance. • New works of art were modeled on classical Greek and Roman sculpture, and painting. • Authors and artists of the Renaissance took classical works as philosophical models of reason, intelligence, and taste.
Art of the Renaissance • Renaissance art is uplifting because of the expression of profound emotion. • The subjects, both human and divine, show a new interest in naturalism. • When looking at Renaissance art, landscapes are often used as background, and is rarely used as a main subject of a work of art.
The Human Figure • Artists began to look at the human figure as an object of beauty. • Renaissance artists sought to convey the illusion of movement • Realistic representation was important
The Human Figure • Correct symmetry and proportion were essential in Renaissance Art. • People were measured with calipers to get the right proportions. • Leonardo da Vinci worked with physicians to dissect cadavers. • Fire in the Borgo by Raphael
Michelangelo • Sculptor, painter, architect….he is the best example of a tortured artist. • The Pope commissioned Michelangelo to paint the Sistine Chapel which took 4 years to complete. • Sistine Chapel is a fresco (painted on plaster.
Michelangelo Buonarotti “The Sistine Chapel” 1508-1512, Vatican, Rome Michelangelo’s design Commissioned by the papacy,
Raphael • The “Rock-Star” of Renaissance painters. He was a party-boy who loved life. Died at a young age. • Two of his principal teachers were Michelangelo and Leonardo
Raphael • The Madonna and child was the number one subject matter during this time period. • Post famine art, people are shown healthier, larger.
Leonardo da Vinci • The ultimate Renaissance Man • Scientist, artist, architect, inventor • Was known for his use of light and dark in his art. • Two of his greatest works: Mona Lisa and The Last Supper
Leonardo’s Genius Leonardo was the quintessential “Renaissance man”, a polymath who excelled at many things including painting, music, anatomy, sculpture.
Renaissance Art • One aspect of the Renaissance that made artwork so popular, was that new wealthy merchants and princes of the Italian cities supported artists. • They served as patrons to artists and philosophers, supporting them with approval and money. • In some cases, patrons invited artists to live and work in their palaces.
Additional Artists • El Greco – Greek who settled in Spain – Painted religious scenes such as the Assumption, and portraits of church officials. • Rembrandt – Dutch – considered greatest painter of northern Europe; effectively used contrast of light and shadow to depict everyday life. • Rubens – Flemish – noted for brilliant colors, known for Adoration of the Magi
Hieronymous Bosch “The Garden of Earthly Delights” 1510, Netherlands
The Art today • Renaissance art continues to evoke admiration today, as it attracts tourists to western Europe to visit museums, churches and galleries to view these beautiful works. • In 1967 a da Vinci painting was purchased by Washington’s National Gallery of Art for a reputed record price of between $5 and $6 million.
