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Chapter 13: Medieval Africa

Chapter 13: Medieval Africa. Section 1: The Rise of African Civilizations. I Can…. Describe the importance of the West African empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai including: a.) Trade routes b.) Products c.) Spread of Arabic language. Africa’s Geography.

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Chapter 13: Medieval Africa

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  1. Chapter 13: Medieval Africa Section 1: The Rise of African Civilizations

  2. I Can… • Describe the importance of the West African empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai including: • a.) Trade routes • b.) Products • c.) Spread of Arabic language

  3. Africa’s Geography • Holds the world’s largest desert=> Sahara • World’s second largest continent • Rain forests cover 10% of the land • Areas of mild climate are found along the Mediterranean Sea • Almost all of Africa lies on a plateau • Nile River is Africa’s longest river

  4. West African Empire • Berbers were the 1st known people to settle in N. Africa • Started the trade w/ Western Africa • Trade would lead to small cities which lead to great empires

  5. Kingdoms of the Rainforest • Benin and Kongo • Had farmable soil and warm, wet climate • Great farming which led to surplus of food which led to more trade

  6. East Africa • Mid- 700s AD- Many Arab Muslim traders settled in East Africa city-states • Goods and ideas exchanged btwn Arabs and Africans

  7. Section 2: Africa’s Gov’t and Religion

  8. Gov’t and Society • Kings settled arguments, managed trade, and protected the empire • Complete obedience was expected in return • Ghana’s Gov’t: • Kings relied on help from close advisers • As empire grew, rulers divided it into provinces which were divided into districts • Kings held tightly to power and controlled trade • Weird=> throne goes to king’s nephew

  9. Mali’s Gov’t: • Followed Ghana’s model but on a much larger scale • Empire split into provinces but generals were leaders instead of lesser kings • Songhai’s Gov’t: • Built on traditions of Ghana and Mali • Gov’t never fully set up due to Sunni Ali’s constant fighting

  10. Traditional African Religions • Believe in 1 supreme god • Understood the Christian and Muslim idea of one god, but wanted to worship in own way • Religion provided rules for living and helped people stay in touch w/ their history

  11. Islam in Africa • Mansa Musa worked to make Islam stronger in Africa • Most African Muslims chose Islam bc it helped them trade w/ Arab Muslims • Musa built many mosques to help spread Islam • After his trip to Makkah, he brought back the finest architects, writers, and teachers to help share Islam w/ West Africa

  12. Askia Muhammad strengthened Islam in Songhai • Made court honor Muslim laws • Made Timbuktu an important center of Islamic culture • Set up 150 schools to teach the Quran • In East Africa, the Swahili culture is created • Mix of African and Muslim traditions • Impact of Islam on Africa: • 1.) Changes laws • 2.) Advances learning • 3.) Introduces Arabic language to Africa • 4.) Influences the architecture in Africa • 5.) Begins to change the culture of Africa

  13. Section 3: African Society and Culture I CAN… 1.) Describe the causes and effects of European exploration after 1400 including: B.) Impact on the peoples of sub-Saharan Africa

  14. Life in Medieval Africa • 3000 BC-400 AD- The Bantu people moved from Nigeria and settled much of Africa • Wherever they went, they took their culture w/ them • This is the reason why people all across Africa share some common ideas and traditions

  15. Importance of Family • Family is basis of African society • Live in extended families • Many villages were matrilineal • Trace descent through mothers • Value children greatly

  16. Education and Community • Education carried out by family and other villagers • Learn history of their people and skills needed to survive

  17. Role of Women • Acted mostly as wives and mothers • Men had more rights and controlled much of what women did • Served as soldiers in some African kingdoms • Some became famous rulers: • 1.) Dahia al-Kahina=> fought Muslim invaders of her kingdom • 2.) Nzinga=> Spent 40 yrs. Battling Portuguese slave traders

  18. Slavery W/in Africa • Europeans did not invent slavery; existed throughout the world for a long time • Africans enslaved criminals, captives, or prisoners of war • Became part of Saharan trade • Could become free through hard work or marrying a free person • Human trade increased as trade grew w/ Muslim merchants

  19. The European Slave Trade • Began in 1441 w/ Portugal • Usually stayed in Portugal and worked as laborers • Then, they began colonizing and used enslaved Africans to do all the hard work • The rest of Europe will follow Portugal’s example • Late 1400s- Europeans arrived in America and brought Africans over to work the land

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