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Immunopathology. Normal hematopoiesis Immunity vs Inflammation Examples of hypersensitivity types I - IV Autoimmune diseases Graves disease Systemic lupus erythematosis Scleroderma Immunodeficiency (congenital & acquired).
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Immunopathology • Normal hematopoiesis • Immunity vs Inflammation • Examples of hypersensitivity types I - IV • Autoimmune diseases • Graves disease • Systemic lupus erythematosis • Scleroderma • Immunodeficiency (congenital & acquired)
Bone marrow stem cells give rise to various blood cells through complex differentiation pathways.
What is Immunity? How is it distinguished from inflammation? Antigenic Specificity ***Memory*** Mediated by B and T Lymphocytes
Hypersensitivity Reactions Immediate (Type I) Cytotoxic (Type II) Immune complex (Type III) Delayed (Type IV)
Type I Hypersensitivity Mast cells with cell surface IgE receptors degranulate and release vasoactive amines (eg histamine)
Type II Hypersensitivity Antibody-Mediated Cytotoxicity
Role of Antibody and Complement in Opsonization and Phagocytosis of a Foreign Object
Patient with Graves Disease • Hyperthyoidism • Exophthalmia • Patient has auto-antibodies to the TSH receptor • This qualifies as a type 2 reaction
Type III Hypersensitivity Immune Complex-Mediated Tissue Injury
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus • Example of type 3 hypersensitivity reaction affecting skin and internal organs • Systemic disease
Immune complexes identified by direct immunofluorescence in a kidney biopsy from a patient with lupus nephritis.
Scleroderma Scleroderma (Collagen Vascular Disease)
Type IV Hypersensitivity Cell-Mediated (Delayed) Hypersensitivity Reaction
Immunodeficiency Diseases Congenital (eg selective IgA deficiency) Acquired (eg Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Adenosine deaminase deficiency Common variable deficiency Congenital X-linked hypogammaglobunemia Dermatomyositis DiGeorge syndrome Myasthenia gravis Raynaud phenomenon Scleroderma Selective IgA deficiency Sjogren syndrome Systemic lupus erythematosus Path Key Words