James Monroe and “ The Era of Good Feelings ”

1. James Monroe and “The Era of Good Feelings” Monroe Doctrine

2. “The Era Of Good Feelings” • “The Era of Good Feelings” was a period of national pride and political peace associated with James Monroe • Jeffersonian Republicans accept Hamilton’s economic plans. Americans expected civil discord between the political parties.

3. Anglo- American Peace • 1815 American trade is important to the British economy • 1818 both nations settle the Canadian boundary dispute and agree that both nations will control the Oregon territory for 10 years

4. Monroe Doctrine • Named for James Monroe • 5th President of the United States 1817-1925 • Monroe brought a vision of an expanded America to his presidency—a vision that helped facilitate the formulation of what has become known as the Monroe Doctrine. Because this Doctrine bears his name, the general public is not inclined to recognize the significant contributions made by Secretary of State John Quincy Adams and unofficial presidential advisor Thomas Jefferson. • The Doctrine was presented in an address to congress December 2, 1823

5. Monroe Doctrine • In Latin America, it is a period of revolution and liberation. • Chile, Venezuela, Mexico and Brazil have gained their freedom from Spain and Portugal. The United States recognizes them as legitimate countries. • America fears that other foreign countries like France and Britain may now want to control these countries in Latin America.

6. Monroe Doctrine • Warns European nations that they cannot set up colonies or interfere in Latin American problems anymore. • The United States will protect North and South America from any European influence. • The United States will not involve itself in European affairs militarily or politically.

7. Monroe Doctrine Political Cartoon

8. Monroe Doctrine Political Cartoon

9. Monroe Doctrine Political Cartoon

10. Directions: • Use this PowerPoint along with the text of the Monroe Doctrine to complete a Document Analysis Worksheet. • We will meet as a class to go over the results, then answer some questions on the document.

11. Questions on the Monroe Doctrine • To what event(s) or condition(s) in the history of the United States and/or its diplomacy does each section refer? • In what ways, if any, does the Monroe Doctrine address American concerns for peace and safety? • In what ways, if any, does the Monroe Doctrine invoke U.S. sympathy for revolutionary governments in South America? • In what ways, if any, does the Monroe Doctrine continue the American policy of neutrality? • In what ways, if any, does the Monroe Doctrine address American desires to expand its territory? • Do you see any other motives behind the Monroe Doctrine?

12. The Cold War: Domino Theory and Containment Korea, Vietnam Cuba, Central America Middle East

15. Terms to Know: The Arms Race Brinkmanship: US needed to act as though we are willing to go to war. Had to go to the “brink” the verge of war without slipping into it.

16. Arms Race in the Sky • ICBMs • Long range rockets loaded with nuclear weapons • Sputnik • The rocket that carried the first satellite into space could also carry a nuclear weapon to space.

17. Arms Race in the Sky • U2 – high altitude planes that flew over territory and took pictures. • 15 miles in the air. • U2 Incident: 1960 • Russia was able to shoot down a U2

18. The Domino Theory: Asia • 1949: Communists take over China. • Most populated country in the world had gone Communist. • Led by Mao Zedong

19. Korea • After WWII Korea was divided at the 38th Parallel. • North – Russian controlled • South – US Controlled • 1948 – occupying forces withdrew.

20. Korean War • Both sides wanted reunification – but under whose rule? • 1950 – North Korea army poured across 38th Parallel to force reunification.

21. Korean War • US thought it was all orchestrated by the Communists. • The last thing the US wanted was another war, but they thought they had to make a stand against the Communist North Koreans. • This became known as Containment policy.

22. Korean War: UN Military Action • 16 nations – including the US – came to defend South Korea from North Korea. • 80% of troops were American.

23. Waging the Korean War • General Douglas MacArthur led the offense against North Korea • Backed by Soviet and Chinese weapons and soldiers.

24. MacArthur goes too far • To push the North Koreans back behind the 38th Parallel, destroy the Communists in North Korea, or attack China? • MacArthur wanted the second front in China.

25. MacArthur goes too far • President Truman said NO to invading China. • MacArthur tried to go behind the Commander in Chief’s back (Truman) and get Congressional support. • Truman FIRED MacArthur for insubordination. • 1951.

26. Korean War • Truman spent his presidency keeping the war contained to Korea. • President Eisenhower used the threat of a nuclear attack to get the North Koreans to return behind the 38th Parallel.

27. Effects of the Korean War • 34,000 Americans dead in three years (1950 – 1953) • Containment had worked • But North Korea was and still is Communist.

28. The Domino Theory: Vietnam1954 - 1975 • 2000 years Vietnam has resisted being absorbed into China. • 1800s Vietnam became a colony for France. • WWII: • Fought for independence from Japan

29. Ho Chi Minh • Fought for independence before, during and after WII. • Leader of a group called the Viet Minh. • Defeated the French in 1954.

30. 1954 Peace Treaty over Vietnam • Divided Vietnam. • North Vietnam – Communist under Ho Chi Minh • South Vietnam – Supposed to be capitalist and democratic. • SUPPOSED TO BE

31. South Vietnam • President Diem • Called himself “president” • Said he was pro-USA • Brutally put down any opponents. • Pro-Catholic in a mostly Buddhist country. • Corruption to make his family rich.

32. Remember that the CIA used to be able to do political assassination? • That’s what happened to President Diem! • CIA authorized and said the US would not object to Diem’s overthrow. • Diem ended up dead trying to flee. • November 1963

33. Containment in Vietnam • President Eisenhower • Military advisors for South Vietnamese. • President Kennedy • Sent troops to keep North Vietnam contained. • President Johnson • “I’m not going to be the president who saw Southeast Asia go the way China went.”

34. Containment in Vietnam • Robert McNamara – Secretary of Defense for Kennedy and Johnson • Created policies that led to more US involvement. • Movement away from nuclear threat to a “flexible response” • Finding different ways to fight a war than nuclear threat option.

35. Reflection Questions • What caused the reversal in US diplomatic policy? • Do you think it was justified? • Were there any other options available? • Do you think that Containment policy was necessary in Vietnam?