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Title Page. Paul Matteri. What is Grand Unified Theory?. Unified field theory is an attempt to describe all fundamental forces and the relationships between elementary particles in terms of a single theoretical framework. Current Fundamental Forces. Electromagnetic Weak Strong Gravity.

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  1. Title Page Paul Matteri

  2. What is Grand Unified Theory? • Unified field theory is an attempt to describe all fundamental forces and the relationships between elementary particles in terms of a single theoretical framework.

  3. Current Fundamental Forces • Electromagnetic • Weak • Strong • Gravity

  4. The Road to Unification

  5. The History of Grand Unified Theory

  6. Electricity and Magnetism • Michael Faraday: • Born: September 22, 1791 Died: August 25, 1867 • English physicist and chemist whose many experiments contributed greatly to the understanding of electromagnetism.

  7. Electricity and Magnetism • James Maxwell • Born June 13, 1831, Edinburgh, Scotlanddied November 5, 1879, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England • Scottish physicist best known for his formulation of electromagnetic theory. • Incorporated light and wave phenomena into electromagnetism

  8. Electricity and Magnetism • In 1905 Einstein’s special theory of relativity showed that electricity and magnetism were link and that Maxwell was correct. • The single force of Electromagnetism is born.

  9. Electroweak Force • Sheldon Glashow • Abdus Salam • Steven Weinberg • Each physicist independently found that the weak nuclear force could be unified with electromagnetic force.

  10. Electroweak Force • At extremely high energies, 1015 GeV the electromagnetic and weak forces become the same. • The relationship is based on the exchange of four particles: the photon of EM interactions, two charged W particles and a neutral Z particle.

  11. Electroweak Force

  12. Strong Nuclear Force • Quantum Chromodynamics was developed to explain strong force during the 1970s. • Quarks are believed interact by exchanging gluons. • The hope is to use that similarity to unify strong with electroweak force. • The unification cannot be found because energy levels 1012 higher than those needed to develop the electroweak force are required to test further unification.

  13. Strong Nuclear Force

  14. Gravity • Newton showed that both astronomical and terrestrial motion could be explained with gravitation • In 1915 Einstein’s theory of general relativity was written. • Einstein spent 30 years trying to unify EM with gravity and failed.

  15. The Future of the Grand Unified Theories

  16. Future • Gravity may be unified by superstring theory, which is the best theory right now for unification. • Higher energy experiments are needed to study the strong force and its unification with electroweak. • More study of electroweak is still needed. By using the simplest version of the theory a calculation was performed that determined a proton life several orders of magnitude too short, from 1029 to 1031 years. • Experiments show that the life of a proton is greater than 1032 years.

  17. References "Electromagnetism." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2004. Online. Retrieved 10 May 2004 from <http://search.eb.com/eb/article?eu=108502>. "Electroweak Theory." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2004. Online. Retrieved 10 May 2004 from <http://search.eb.com/eb/article?eu=32909>. “Forces.” Bring, Lars. Nobel e Museum. Online. Retrieved on 7 May 2004 from <http://www.nobel.se/physics/articles/brink/> “Grand Unified Theory.” CERN. Online. Retrieved on 8 May 2004 from <http://pdg.web.cern.ch/pdg/cpep/grand.html> “G.U.T.” York University. Online. Retrieved on 7 May 2004 from <http://www.hep.yorku.ca/yhep/forces.html> Modern Physics for Scientists and Engineers, 2nd Edition. Thornton. Saunders College Publishing. 2000. Pg. 13, 494-496. "Unified Field Theory." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2004. Retrieved 10 May 2004 from <http://search.eb.com/eb/article?eu=76201>. “Unified Field Theory.” University of Oregon. Online. Retrieved on 10 May 2004 from <http://zebu.uoregon.edu/~js/glossary/unified_field_theory.html>

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