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Personality II: Managing diversity. Diversity = Differences. Managing personality differences Balance between conflictual and complementary Diversity: personality, functional background, race, gender, nationalities Differences based on race. Race in the workplace. “Downsizing”
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Diversity = Differences • Managing personality differences • Balance between conflictual and complementary • Diversity: personality, functional background, race, gender, nationalities • Differences based on race
Race in the workplace • “Downsizing” • Whites +71,144 • Asians +55,104 • Hispanics +60,040 • African Americans -59,479 • % of Af-Am in managerial positions • 2.3% Men, 2.2% Women • <2.5% of executives at VP level are black • Education • College matters • Blacks with college degrees=whites with high school
Why organizations care about racial diversity? • Unequal playing field • Overt discrimination • Structural discrimination • Cultural discrimination • Bottom-line business • Globalization of markets • Heterogeneous workforce
Affirmative Action Diversity Driven: Moral and social responsibility Civil Rights Movement Executive order Driven: Market forces Global competition Focus: Quality-of-life for all Focus: Inclusion of minorities Targets based on availability No quotas Organizational interventions
Affirmative Action Diversity Process: Training Cultural change Mentoring Caucuses Process: Legal sanction against discrimination at work Outcomes: Increase # at the top? Outcomes: Increase # of minorities Reverse discrimination “Tainted” by special treatment No need for diversity
Xerox’s Black Caucus • Bottom-up, grass roots activism • Committed • Focus on performance • External community • Strong leadership support • Sales orientation: objective measures of performance • Upward Spiral • attract best and brightest
Managing differences • Diverse: personality, race, more…. • Potentially large benefits: rationale for teams • Lack of Skills? • Conflict resolution and negotiation • Listening and empathy • Lack of Management? • AA alone does not work