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Understanding Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Causes, Classification, and Treatment Options

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness in developed countries, influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Learn about the classification of AMD, risk factors, antioxidants, retinal physiology, and pathogenesis, including treatment options like Anti-VEGF and PDT.

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Understanding Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Causes, Classification, and Treatment Options

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  1. Age-relatedmaculardegeneration

  2. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) • The most common cause of blindness in developped countries

  3. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) • AMD is multifactorial disease caused by combination of predisponing genes and influences of external environment

  4. Classification of AMD • Dry form of drusen, RPE AMD changes, geographic atrophy of RPE

  5. Drusen

  6. RPE changes

  7. Geographic atrophy of RPE cells

  8. Classification of AMD Wet form of AMD Choroidal neovascularisation

  9. Classification of AMD • CNV classical occult minimally classic

  10. CNV - classic

  11. CNV – classic Fluorescence angiography

  12. CNV – classic Fluorescence angiography

  13. CNV - occult

  14. CNV – occult Fluorescence angiography

  15. CNV – occult Fluorescence angiography

  16. CNV – minimally classic

  17. CNV – minimally classic Fluorescence angiography

  18. CNV – minimally classic Fluorescence angiography

  19. Prevalence of AMD

  20. Risc factors of AMD • Genetic factors • Race influences • Gender and hormonal influences • Ophthalmic risc factors

  21. Risc factors of AMD • Vascular risc factors • Environmental influences • Antioxidants level • Comorbidity

  22. Antioxidants • Lutein and zeexantin(the most importantretinalcarotenoids)

  23. Risc factors summary

  24. Retinal physiology Outer segments of photoreceptors RPE Bruch‘s membrane Choriocapillaris

  25. Ethiopathogenesis of AMD RPE cells with age(apoptosis, necrosis) melanosoms lipofuscin accumulation apoptosis

  26. Ethiopathogenesis of AMD • solubility of Bruch‘s membrane with aging(thickening, granular and vesicular structures) Holz et al (2003) 3 roky 62 let

  27. Ethiopathogenesis of AMD • Drusen • soft (confluent) • hard (solitary) Holz et al (2003)

  28. Ethiopathogenesis of AMD • CNV (choriodalneovascularization) Vascularfactors(VEGF) Holz et al (2003)

  29. Ethiopathogenesis of AMD Physiological status Aging CNV Holz et al (2003)

  30. Therapyof AMD (summary) • Anti VEGF • PDT (photodynamic therapy)

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