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Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomy and Physiology. Tissue Types. Prefixes, Suffixes, and Roots. Uni – one Multi – many Pseudo – false Osseous – bone Nucleate – nucleus Histo - tissue Epi – above. Key Terms. Histology: the study of tissues Tissues:

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Anatomy and Physiology

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  1. Anatomy and Physiology Tissue Types

  2. Prefixes, Suffixes, and Roots • Uni – one • Multi – many • Pseudo – false • Osseous – bone • Nucleate – nucleus • Histo- tissue • Epi – above

  3. Key Terms • Histology: • the study of tissues • Tissues: • groups of cells which are similar in structure and which perform common or related functions

  4. Four Basic Kinds of Tissues • Epithelial Tissue • Connective Tissue • Muscle Tissue • Nervous Tissue

  5. Epithelial Tissue Epithelial Tissue Locations: Epithelial Tissue Functions: Protection from physical & chemical injury, Protection against microbial invasion, Contains receptors which respond to stimuli, Filters, secretes & reabsorbs materials Secretes serous fluids to lubricate structures. • Covers the body; has one unattached surface • Lines the cavities, tubes, ducts and blood vessels inside the body • Covers the organs inside body cavities

  6. Types of Epithelial Tissue • Simple squamous epithelium • Stratified squamous epithelium • Simple cubodial epithelium • Simple columnar epithelium • Pseudostratfied columnar epithelium

  7. Squamous Epithelium Simple Squamous • Simple – a single layer • squamous – flat • Lines alveoli of lungs, which allows the passive transport of gases. • Stratified – several layers • Forms the epidermis of the skin Stratified Squamous

  8. Duct Duct Cuboidal Epithelium Cuboid Cells • Simple – one cell thick • Roughly cube shaped • Line ducts in kidneys, etc, where reabsorption and secretory activities take place. Cuboid Cells

  9. Columnar Epithelium • Simple – one cell thick • Column shaped (long & narrow) • Line digestive tract where reabsorption & secretion occurs. • Pseudostratified – gives the appearance of more than one layer of columnar epithelial cells

  10. Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Location: Connective Tissue Functions: Connects, binds and supports structures Tendons, ligaments, etc. Protects & cushions organs and tissues Insulates (fat) Transports substances (blood) • Most abundant & widely distributed tissue

  11. Connective - Adipose • Honeycomb or chickenwire appearance • Stores energy (fat) • Insulates • Supports & protects organs

  12. Connective – Bone (Osseous) • Tree ring-like appearance • Supports & protects • Mineral storage • Fat storage • Blood cell production

  13. Connective - Blood • Only fluid connective tissue • Removes wastes from cells • Supplies nutrients and oxygen to cells

  14. Connective – Hyaline Cartilage • Supports while providing flexibility • Absorbs compression between bones in joints (articular cartilage) • Holds open respiratory passages • Most abundant type of cartilage in body

  15. Muscle Tissue Muscle Tissue Location: Muscle Tissue Functions: Movement Locomotion Maintains posture Produces heat Facial expressions Pumps blood Peristalsis • Associated with the bones of the skeleton, the heart, and in the walls of the hollow organs of the body.

  16. Muscle - Skeletal • Muscle fibers (cells) long, parallel & cylindrical • With many nuclei (multinucleate) • Striations (cross stripes run perpendicular to the cells • Produce voluntary movement • Locomotion • Heat

  17. Muscle - Smooth • Spindle-shaped cells with central nuclei • Arranged to form sheets • No striations • Pushes substances or objects (food, urine, babies) through passageways • Involuntary control

  18. Muscle - Cardiac • Branching, striated, uninucleate with special intercalated discs branches • Contracts to propel blood into circulation • Involuntary control Intercalated disc

  19. Nervous Tissue Nervous Tissue Location: Nervous Tissue Functions: Regulates & controls body functions Generates & transmits nerve impulses Supports, insulates and protects impulse generating neurons. • Main component of the nervous system, ie., brain, spinal cord & nerves.

  20. Nervous – Neuron • Branching cells with many long processes • Large central nucleus • Regulates activities by transmitting impulses from one area of the body to another

  21. Resource • Adapted from the Anatomy PowerPoint of J. A. Giacobbe, South Pointe High School, Phoenix, AZ

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