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The ABCs of Bone: Grafting Anatomy & Biology Part 1

Welcome to the World of Biologics! Learn about the anatomy and biology of bone, including its structure, functions, components, and development. Discover the different shapes of bones and their unique functions. Explore the composite nature of bone and the major elements that make up its composition. Gain insights into bone development and the process of bone formation. Begin your journey into the fascinating world of bone grafting anatomy and biology with this comprehensive guide.

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The ABCs of Bone: Grafting Anatomy & Biology Part 1

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  1. Welcometo the World of Biologics

  2. The ABG’sof Bone • Grafting Anatomy • Biology

  3. Part 1 Anatomy

  4. Bone Anatomy Objectives Shape Functions Components Definition Structure Development

  5. The Human Body 206 Bones • Axial Skeleton: • Head • Trunk • Appendicular Skeleton: • Arms • Legs Axial & Appendicular Anatomy

  6. BONES HAVEDIFFERENT SHAPES • Long Bones-longer than wide like femur/tibia • Short Bones-cube shaped like ankle/wrist

  7. BONES HAVEDIFFERENT SHAPES * Flat Bones-thin, flattened and curved like sternum/ribs * Irregular Bones-complicated shapes like vertebrae

  8. BONE FUNCTIONS • Facilitates Movement • Protects Organs • Supports Body Weight and Surrounding Soft Tissue • Stores Minerals like Calcium/Phosphate • Produces Blood Cells within Marrow Cavities of Certain Bones

  9. Bone Components • Inorganic portion: mostly made up of calcium phosphate & calcium carbonate Organic portion: made up of collagen & noncollagenous proteins, glycoproteins, proteglycans, peptides, carbohydrates lipids

  10. What is Bone? • Bone is a remarkable composite of collagen (organic), hydroxapatite (mineral), water & cellular elements. • Bones provide the body shape enabling movement and healing without a scar. Biology

  11. The Four MajorBone Elements Description ( Mineral) (Organic) HA = Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(OH)2(PO4)6 Biology

  12. Bone is a Composite The combination provides the flexibility and strength required for life. • CollagenHydroxyapatite (HA) • Fibrous Protein * Ca10(OH)2(PO4)6 • Viscoelastic * Ceramic • Strong in Tension * Strong in Compression • Present in: * Mineral content of: • Skin +Bone • Tendon +Enamel • Bone +Dentin • Blood Vessels Break, Bend or Deform? Biology

  13. What is Bone? • All bone is surrounded by a tough fibrous sheet, the periosteum, which supplies nutrients. Biology

  14. What is Bone? • The articulation between bones in a virtual frictionless environment is facilitated by a cartilage surface surrounding the bone. • The tendons of muscles are attached in specific areas to the bone. • When muscles contract bone pivots in the direction of the force. Biology

  15. The Structureof Bone-Two Types • Cortical bone provides external structure and mechanical strength • Cancellous bone lies between the cortical surfaces & consists of a bony honeycombed network and hematopoietic (pertaining to blood or blood cell formation) elements. • Periosteumis the tough outer tissue providing blood supply to the bone. Anatomy

  16. CORTICAL MICROSTRUCTURE • Dense or Compact • Low Surface Area • High Strength • Haversian Vascular System • Primary Osteon • 90% Solid and 10% Interconnected Porosity

  17. 1 2 4 3

  18. CANCELLOUS MICROSTRUCTURE • Spongy or Trabecular • Vast Surface Area • Low Strength • Blood Vessels Present in Pores • 20% Solid and 80% Interconnected Pore Space

  19. Bone Development Ossification=the process of bone formation. Our skeletal structure or bone shape primarily begins as hyaline cartilage and gradually converts to bone called Endochondral Ossification There are 3 stages in the conversion process of cartilage to bone. • Woven Bone • Laminar Bone • Haversian Bone

  20. Bone Development • Woven Bone • A temporary scaffold, low in strength, • found in cancellous & cortical sites • created from randomly aligned cartilage. • Laminar Bone • An intermediate form where bone is in • concentric layers found in both cancellous • and cortical sites. • Haversian Bone • Remodelledlaminer bone, formed by • simultaneous mineral deposition & • removal, high in strength and present • in mature cortical sites. 1. Lacuna  2. Interstitial lamellae  3. Haversian canal  4. Concentric lamellae Biology

  21. Bone Development • Intramembranous Ossification forms bone without going through the cartilage to bone stage. • Mesenchymal tissue, osteoid, transforms into bone. • A bone like material of a matrix of type 1 collagen fibers is • secreted by bone cells and mineralizes. • This is the process of healing during bone fracture.

  22. Gross AnatomyReview • Diaphysis = Bone shaft • Epiphysis = Bone ends • Epiphyseal line =growth plate • Articular cartilage = Cushions bone & • absorbs stress • Periosteum=Lines external bone surface • Fibrous Layer (connective tissue) • Osteogenic Layer (Osteoblasts • Osteoclasts) • Endosteum=lines internal bone surface • Similar structure to periosteum

  23. End Part 1 Anatomy Thank You

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