Sociocultural Tradition of Communication

1. Sociocultural Tradition of Communication By Shawn, Vicky, Clare & Stanley

2. Origins: Sociocultural Theory • The contributions that society makes to individual development • The interaction between developing people and the culture in which they live Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934)

3. Sociocultural Tradition of Communication Theory • “Socioculturalapproachesto communication theory address the ways our understandings, meanings, norms, roles, and rules are worked out interactively in communication. ”(Littlejohn & Foss)

4. Sociocultural Tradition of Communication Theory • This tradition holds that reality is not an objective set of arrangements outside us but is constructed through a process of communicating in groups, society, and cultures. • It focuses on patterns of interactions rather than individual characteristics of mental model.

5. Theories under the Sociocultural Tradition • Symbolic interactionism • Social constructionism • Sociolinguistics • Ethnography & Ethnomethodology

6. Symbolic interactionism • This theory focuses attention on the way that people interact through symbols: words, gestures, rules, and roles. • Based on how humans develop a complex set of symbols to give meaning to the world. (LaRossa & Reitzes, 1993) • Key idea: Social structures and meaning is created and maintained within social interactions. George Mead(1863–1931)

7. Social constructionism • Investigates how human knowledge is constructed through social interaction • Argues that the nature of the world is less important than the language used to name and discuss it.

8. Ethnography & Ethnomethodology • The observation of how actual social groups come to build meaning through their linguistic and non-linguistic behaviors, is another perspective within the sociocultural tradition.

9. Sociocultural Tradition Compare with Phenomenological Tradition

10. Racial Discrimination

11. Mario Ballotelli

12. Phenomenological Tradition 1. human being come to understand the world through direct experience. 2.Basic principles: 1). Knowledge is found directly in conscious experience 2). The meaning of a thing consists of the potential of that thing in one’s life. 3). Language is the vehicle of meaning, we experience the world through the language used to define & express that world.

13. Sociocultural tradition • 1.interaction is the process and site in which meaning roles etc. are worked out. • 2.people together create the realities of their social groups, organizations and cultures. • 3.identities are established through interaction in social groups, organizations and cultures. • 4.significant part of what gets made in social interaction

14. Compare and Contrast • Phenomenal----superficial of racial discrimination. • Sociocultural----deeper about the culture of racial discrimination • Use both of tradition to thinking comprehensively

15. Hongkongers angry with China

16. What is Culture? • All the behaviours of a given individuals are established and decorated, which understands commonly(OSullivanWay, p.2).

17. Nationality • define the state of origin • relationship between a person and his or her state of origin and there is protection of the state where they born

18. Race • literary a group of people descended from a common ancestor • different density of gene frequencies • physical performances such as (skin color or hair form) • no inherent connection with regulations and cultural patterns

19. Components to form a culture • Knowledge • Belief • Art • Morals • Law • Customs • Habits

20. History of HK as UK colony • HK became British colony is due to ‘Opium War’ • The Communist and highly nationalistic government of the People’s Republic of China convinced the real measurement of unusual achievement of Hong Kong • Keep the system and way of life in Hong Kong for 50 years when it talked an end to British imperial rule

21. Difference between HK culture and Mainlander culture

22. Applying Sociocultural Tradition • Symbolic Interactionism (SI) • Ethnomethodology • Social Constructionism

23. Symbolic Interactionism (SI)&Ethnography • 1st Issue protest against opening up Hong Kong for Mainland China drivers She used ‘local’ for describing Hong Kong resource (May imply she think mainlander take over the resources!! )

24. Symbolic Interactionism (SI)&Ethnography A relative negative, angry tone Gesture ‘overwhelm’ the local population Hong Kong unique ‘local’ culture Rhetorical questions

25. Symbolic Interactionism (SI) & Ethnography • 2nd issue Mainland parents give birth in Hong Kong Using word ‘inconvenience’ Give personal experience to blame mainlander causing the problem

26. Symbolic Interactionism (SI) & Ethnography Negative, angry tone Facial expression ‘has no choice over who I have to serve’ ‘Hong Kong taxpayer’ The right of her children

27. Social Constructionism (Hong Kong Anti D & G Protest)

28. Social Constructionism (A Peking University Professor called Hongkongers ‘dogs’)

29. Conclusion • Sociocultural approach focuses on Social relationship, interaction & identity • Unlike other traditions, the context e.g.(norms, roles, rules) is EXTREMELY important. • Potentials to be subjective