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Unit 5

Unit 5. Cell Structure and Function Chapter 7. The Cell Theory. All living things are composed of cells Basic units of structure and function in living things Cells are produced from existing cells. Categories of Cells. Type 1 – Prokaryotes No Nucleus Example - Bacteria.

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Unit 5

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  1. Unit 5 Cell Structure and Function Chapter 7

  2. The Cell Theory • All living things are composed of cells • Basic units of structure and function in living things • Cells are produced from existing cells

  3. Categories of Cells • Type 1 – Prokaryotes • No Nucleus • Example - Bacteria

  4. Categories of Cells • Type 2 – Eukaryotes • Has a Nucleus • Example – Plant, Animal, fungi

  5. Types of Cells in the Human Body

  6. Two Types of Eukaryotes – Animal and Plant Cell

  7. Cell Structures in common

  8. Nucleus • Controls most of cells processes • Contains genetic information-DNA • Chromosomes inside nucleus are the threadlike structures containing genetic information

  9. Ribosomes • Makes proteins for cell • Instructions come from the nucleus

  10. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Synthesizing, packaging and transporting of proteins • Two types – rough ER and smooth ER • Network of membranes

  11. Golgi Apparatus • Packaging system • Takes small molecules and makes larger ones then stores them • Proteins

  12. Vacuoles • Storage areas for water, salt, proteins, carbohydrates

  13. Mitochondria • Synthesis and release of energy • Powerhouse of cell

  14. Cell Membrane • Allows movement of materials in and out of cell

  15. Cell Wall (Plant Only) • Provides support, protection and structure for plant cell

  16. Chloroplast (Plant Only) • Site of photosynthesis

  17. Cell Membrane • Regulates what enters and exits the cell • Provides protection and support • Semi-permeable – allows small substances through and keeps larger substances out • Made of lipids and proteins

  18. Cell Membrane

  19. Active Transport Passive Transport Types of Movement through the Cell Membrane

  20. Passive Transport • Diffusion – substance moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration • Concentration means the amount substance in a given area • No energy required

  21. Passive Transport • Osmosis – diffusion of water through the cell membrane

  22. Effects of Osmosis • Water will move in the direction where there is a high concentration of solute (low concentration of water ) • Salt Sucks – Salt is a solute, when it is concentrated inside or outside the cell, it will draw the water in its direction. This is also why you get thirsty after eating something salty.

  23. If the concentration of solute (salt) is equal on both sides, the water will move back in forth but it won't have any result on the overall amount of water on either side. "ISO" means the same Isotonic solution

  24. Hypotonic Solution The word "HYPO" means less, in this case there are less solute (salt) molecules outside the cell, since salt sucks, water will move into the cell. The cell will gain water and grow larger. In plant cells, the central vacuoles will fill and the plant becomes stiff and rigid, the cell wall keeps the plant from bursting In animal cells, the cell may be in danger of bursting, organelles called CONTRACTILE VACUOLES will pump water out of the cell to prevent this.

  25. Hypertonic Solution • The word "HYPER" means more, in this case there are more solute (salt) molecules outside the cell, which causes the water to be sucked in that direction. • In plant cells, the central vacuole loses water and the cells shrink, causing wilting. • In animal cells, the cells also shrink. • In both cases, the cell may die.

  26. Effects of Osmosis

  27. Active Transport Movement through a membrane that requires energy

  28. Diversity of Cellular Life

  29. Cell Specialization – when a group of cells work together to perform a specific job

  30. Levels of Organization

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