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Chapter 27

Chapter 27. Feudalism and Japanese Reunification. Ming Dynasty 1300s-1600s Support Chinese culture / replace Mongol traces Positives: Cultural revival (literature, porcelain, architecture, Confucianism, Civil Service Exams, trade with Europe, Zheng He’s voyages)

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Chapter 27

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  1. Chapter 27 Feudalism and Japanese Reunification

  2. Ming Dynasty 1300s-1600s Support Chinese culture / replace Mongol traces Positives: Cultural revival (literature, porcelain, architecture, Confucianism, Civil Service Exams, trade with Europe, Zheng He’s voyages) Negatives/Decline: Weak rulers, pirating off east coast, silver influx (inflation), shrinking agricultural yields, invaders from north (extensive borders were difficult to protect) Replaced by Manchus from the North (Qing) Qing Dyansty 1600s-1900s “Closed-off” Gov’t controls trade in one city: Canton (exported tea) Favorable Balance of Trade (many exports/few imports) Aggressive anti-foreigner policies No foreign goods No Christianity – banned in 1724 Decline in late 1700s, early 1800s Rapid population growth Poverty, lack of tech / scientific achievements ****BECOMES HEAVILY DOMINATED BY EUROPE IN THE 1800s Ming vs. Qing China

  3. Feudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service.Japan: Shogun Land - Shoen Loyalty Land - Shoen Daimyo Daimyo Loyalty Samurai Samurai Samurai Food Protection Peasant Peasant Peasant Peasant

  4. Feudal Japan • After 1185 – Japan was ruled by Shoguns – military rulers, ruling on behalf of Emperor (who was figurehead) – • “Japanese Feudalism” – political and social, decentralized system • By 13-1400s, Japanese feudalism breaks down - in reality ruled by Daimyo - landowning aristocrats • Weak Japan (1400s-1500s) allowed Europeans to arrive in the 1500s and exercise lots of influence • The Dutch arrive • Trade with Europe • Spread of Christianity

  5. Reunification of Japan • Effort to restore power in centralized, powerful shoguns • Occurs with the Tokugawa Shogunate -1603 Characteristics: • New capital at Edo (modern Tokyo) • Centralized rule; emperor still a figurehead; lasting peace • Samurai keep elite status – citizens can’t own weapons (why) • Women’s status changes

  6. Japanese Isolationism • Japan had traded with Europe – going back to 1500s • Tokugawa gov’t saw Europeans as barbaric • Banned missionaries • Banned gunpowder importation • 1649-1720: Only could trade at one Japanese port (Nagasaki) – then shut it down altogether

  7. Successes of the Tokugawa • Restored peace / stability • Good agricultural yields – population increases • Edo grows as one of world’s largest

  8. Chapter 27 Review Questions How were the Qing Dynasty and the Tokugawa Shogunate similar (esp. with respect to contacts with the outside world?) Give specific examples What accounted for each government’s adoption of isolationist policies? (Why did they choose this route?) What would be some of the long-term outcomes of Chinese and Japanese isolationism in the period 1600-1800?

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