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Explore the transition from traditional society to the Industrial Revolution in England, focusing on the Agricultural Revolution, Cottage Industry, Textile Industry, Steam Engine, Iron and Coal, Transportation, and why Britain led the Industrial Revolution.
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Rise of Industrialism M. Gonzalez World History
2.1A: Traditional or Pre-industrial society • England was organized into farming villages • Grew enough food for itself • Lived to survive; no hobbies. • Peasants lived at subsistence level • Forces for change • Population growth meant farmers needed to produce more food for more people. • French blockade prohibited corn imports from France
2.1B: The Agricultural Revolution • Enclosure Movement: • Wealthy landlords fenced in common pastures and experimented with new farming techniques • Crop Rotation: • Fields depleted of nutrients by one crop replenished by planting different crops • Other discoveries: • Seed drill, JethroTull, planted seeds efficiently • Results of Agricultural Revolution • More food available • Population increased
2.1C: Cottage Industry and Early Capitalism • Merchant’s role in cottage industry • Supplied materials—wool and cotton– to be spun • Took supplies from spinning cottage to weaving cottage to dying cottage to sell finished cloth • Sell product for more than material and labor costs= profit + larger investment = higher profit • Capitalism • Economic system based on private ownership, free competition and profit
2.1C: Cottage Industry and Early Capitalism • Effect on the Cottage industry • Big profit for new class of merchants • Alternative sources of income for peasants
2.1D: the Textile Industry and Factory System • Textile Industry Invented • Cottage industry couldn’t keep up with demand of textiles • Spinning jenny, water frame, spinning mule improved spinning • Cotton gin separated seeds for cotton • Rise of the Factory • New machines, too big for homes, were put in factories • Factories located near power source: coal, iron, water
2.1D: the Textile Industry and Factory System • Effect of Textile Factories in Britain • Prices of mass-produced textiles were much lower than hand-produced items • Britain’s textile industry increased enormously • Majority of villagers forced to leave to find work in urban factories
2.1E: Steam Engine: Energy for the Industrial Revolution • The need for Energy • Early factories relied on horses, oxen and water mills • Steam engine evolved in response to the increasing need for power • How steam engine works • Steam forced from high to low pressure produces power (James Watt inventor of steam engine) • Effect of steam engine • Steam power, used where ever coal existed
2.1 F: Iron and Coal: Energy for the Industrial Revolution • The Need for Iron • Farming tools, new factory machines, railways • Smelting makes iron more pure, but requires carbon. • The Need for coal • Carbor necessary for smelting iron • Steam engines powered by coal • Effect of Iron and Coal • Britain produced more iron than any other country • Coal powered Britain’s enormous navy
2.1 G: Transportation • The need for transportation • Increased production; increased the need to transport goods quickly and cheaply • Traditional society used horses, mules and dirt roads • Inventions • Stone and eventually asphalt roads • Canals • Railroads in 1829 • Effect of Railroads • Expanded rapidly through Britain • Cheaper transportation increased production and profits
2.1H: Why Britain Led the Industrial Revolution • Geography • Climate good for textile production • Plenty of natural resources like iron and coal • Government • Internal trade encouraged • People allowed to relocate • Build canals and roads • Colonial Empire • Supplied raw materials for manufactored goods • Advantages of Industrializing First • No other country to compete with • Monopoly on technology
