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Plosives and aspiration. AFFRICATES. FRICATIVES. PLOSIVES. fortis. lenis. FORTIS. LENIS. voicing. often voiced. unvoiced. length. shorter. longer. strength. stronger. weaker. not aspirated. may be aspirated. aspiration. not glottalized. may be glottalized. glottalization.
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AFFRICATES FRICATIVES PLOSIVES fortis lenis
FORTIS LENIS • voicing often voiced unvoiced • length shorter longer • strength stronger weaker not aspirated may be aspirated • aspiration not glottalized may be glottalized • glottalization
AFFRICATES FRICATIVES PLOSIVES fortis lenis
ph p b Icelandic pæ bæ French peau beau English pie buy
VOT Voice Onset time
lip closure release labba labour pay, páll bay (E.) bein (I.) no voicing voicing
VOT Voice Onset Time
For the English speaker, a notable feature of the Hindi/Urdu consonants is that there is a four-way distinction of phonation among plosives, rather than the two-way distinction found in English. The phonations are: tenuis, as /p/, which is like ‹p› in English spin voiced, as /b/, which is like ‹b› in English bin aspirated, as /pʰ/, which is like ‹p› in English pin, and murmured, as /bʱ/. http://wapedia.mobi/en/Hindi%E2%80%93Urdu_phonology#2.
lip closure release Fr. beau pay, I. páll bay I. bein Fr. peau Ind. E. pay no voicing voicing Ind.E. bay