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The Beginning of the Cold War

Explore the genesis of the Cold War and the role of the United Nations in maintaining peace post-WWII. Understand the establishment of satellite nations, U.S. strategies against Soviet expansion, and the growing tensions in Germany. Witness the birth of NATO, Warsaw Pact, SEATO, and the Arms Race.

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The Beginning of the Cold War

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  1. The Beginning of the Cold War The United Nations B. The Cold War C. Satellite Nations Created D. U.S. Counters Soviet Expansion Germany Tensions Grow

  2. A. The United Nations • International organization established to maintain peace after the war The Set-up • General Assembly – where all members meet to discuss issues and vote • Security Council – 11 member body with the real power to investigate & settle disputes • Five permanent members: Soviet Union, United States, Great Britain, France, China

  3. B. The Cold War (1946-1991) • 45 year long state of hostility between the Soviet Union and the United States • No direct confrontations (fighting) between the two

  4. Beginning at Yalta, the 2 sides had different goals for the postwar world • They were divided by what type of governments the postwar world would have: Communist or Democratic

  5. C. Satellite Nations Created • Major goal of the USSR after WWII was to shield itself from an invasion from the west • Stalin established Communist governments in Eastern Europe to create a buffer

  6. “Iron Curtain” – phrase used to describe the division of Europe into two: democratic v. communist

  7. D. U.S. Counters Soviet Expansion • Containment – policy directed at blocking Soviet expansion • Truman Doctrine – Support for countries who were fighting against Communism • $400 million to Turkey & Greece to stop the spread of Communism

  8. Marshall Plan – assistance program for European countries to rebuild after the war

  9. E. Germany • Germany & Berlin divided into 4 zones of occupation after the war

  10. 1948 Britain, France, & U.S. withdrawing from West Germany so it can be independent • Stalin responds by holding west Berlin hostage from June 1948 to May 1949 • Known as the Berlin Blockade • Results in 11 month airlift of supplies from the West • Known as the Berlin Airlift • Shows the U.S. will not appease Stalin

  11. F. Tensions Grow • North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) – In 1949, 10 western European nations joined with the U.S. & Canada to form a defensive military alliance

  12. Warsaw Pact – 1955 Soviet’s military alliance in response to NATO

  13. Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) – created by the U.S. to oppose the spread of Communism in that area

  14. OAS – Organization of American States was created to stop the spread of Communism into the Western Hemisphere

  15. Arms Race – Cold War would begin a massive arms race between the two Superpowers. • Began in 1949 when the USSR successfully tested its 1st atomic weapon • Brinkmanship – willingness of the two nations to go to the brink (edge) of war

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