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Beginning of the war

Beginning of the war. Border states: Delaware—firmly committed to Union Maryland—very troublesome; Lincoln had to end habeas corpus;. · 1 st blood shed in MD on April 19, 1861—mob attacked Mass. troops traveling through Baltimore to Washington. 12 dead Baltimoreans and 4 soldiers

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Beginning of the war

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  1. Beginning of the war Border states: Delaware—firmly committed to Union Maryland—very troublesome; Lincoln had to end habeas corpus;

  2. ·1st blood shed in MD on April 19, 1861—mob attacked Mass. troops traveling through Baltimore to Washington. • 12 dead Baltimoreans and 4 soldiers • ·        cut Washington off from the North for nearly a week. • When Union forces got control again, the mayor and 2 dozen state legislators were arrested

  3. A MO Confederate gov’t in exile was formed in Arkansas. Unionists maintained control, but guerrilla attacks by Confederate “bushwhackers” and counterinsurgency tactics by Unionist “jayhawkers” turned the sate into a no man’s land. MO—riot in St. Louis on May 10 and 11. 36 people died

  4. Jess and Frank James and Cole and Jim Younger rode with William Quantrill and “Bloody Bill” Anderson • ·MO suffered a civil war within the Civil War.

  5. KY—formed a Confederate gov’t in exile.

  6. NATIVE AMERICANS • Cherokees, Creeks, Seminoles, Chickasaws and Choctaws; many of them of mixed blood and some of them slaveholders, tended to side with the Confederacy. • With the aid of white and black Union regiments operating out of Kansas and MO, the pro union Indians gradually gained control of most of the Indian Territory.

  7. Population • Total Union pop: 22.5 M (including free blacks) • 9 M in CSA (3.l7 million slaves)

  8. Some Southern Military Advantages • More Southerners than northerners had attended West Point & other military schools, had fought in the Mexican War, or had served as officers in the regular army. • Volunteer military companies more prevalent in the So. than No. • Southerners were proficient in hunting, riding and other outdoor skills

  9. South had begun to prepare for war earlier than the North.

  10. Northern dilemma • North had a hard job—750,000sq. miles—larger than all of western Europe and 2X’s as large as the 13 colonies in 1776. • To win Union had to invade, conquer • and occupy that territory • Cripple its people’s ability to sustain a war of independence, • And destroy its armies

  11. Army Composition  Company—100 men Regiment—10 infantry companies Brigade—4 or more regiments Division—3 or more brigades Corps—2 or more divisions

  12. Army—2 or more corps • these were commanded by a Gen. Appointed by the President • Most of the generals were West Point grad • others appointed because they represented an important political, regional, or ethnic constituency

  13. Combat casualties were higher among officers than among privates • highest of all among generals, who died in action at a rate 50% higher than enlisted men.

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