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Pneumocystis carinii

Pneumocystis carinii. Presented by: Samantha Todd & Sandra Thorbus. Pneumocystis carinii vs. jirovecii.

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Pneumocystis carinii

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  1. Pneumocystis carinii Presented by: Samantha Todd & Sandra Thorbus

  2. Pneumocystis cariniivs. jirovecii • Both Pneumocystis carinii and Pneumocystis jirovecii(yee row vet zee) currently refer to the same organism. P. jirovecii is the organism isolated from humans, while P. carinii is found in rats. • Not a protozoan, but a fungus.

  3. Hosts • Definitive Host: Humans, other mammals. • Intermediate Host: None

  4. Prevalence • AIDS/HIV patients • Immunosuppressed individuals • Organ transplant recipients • Chemotherapy patients • Premature, malnourished infants • Most healthy children have been exposed by age 5

  5. Geography • Worldwide

  6. Three Morphological Forms All three forms are found in the lungs • 1. Precyst • Oval shaped • Few filopodia • Cell wall thickening • Increase in number of nuclei from one to four

  7. Three Morphological Forms • 1. Cyst • -Mature cysts are spherical, have a thick chitinous membrane and eight intracystic bodies (young trophozoites)

  8. Three Morphological Forms • 3. Trophozoite • Filopodiaform pockets in interstitial cells • Most abundant during infection (9:1)

  9. Life Cycle

  10. Life Cycle • Inhalation of infective respiratory droplets • Makes its way inside the respiratory tract, settles into alveolar spaces and replicates: • Asexual Reproduction • 1. Trophozoite reproduction • Sexual Reproduction • 1. Conjugation • 2. Formation of Precyst • 3. Formation of early cyst • 4. Maturation and Excystment • Life cycle repeats

  11. Transmission • Found in environment, lungs & upper respiratory tract of humans and animals • Spread by inhalation of infected respiratory droplets

  12. Symptoms • Causes Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP) • Fever • Cough • Shortness of breath • Cyanosis • Non-productive cough • Chest pain • Malaise Symptoms develop more slowly in those with AIDS and tend to be less severe

  13. Diagnosis • Sputum examination • Lung biopsy • Bronchial lavage • Blood gas test • Chest X-ray • Mortality rate is 100% in untreated patients.

  14. Cysts of Pneumocystis cariniiin smear from bronchoalveolar lavage.

  15. Treatment • Trimethoprin-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX, Bactrim) • Intravenous or oral administration • Alternative Treatments include: • Pentamidine • Atovaquone • Combination of Trimethoprin and Dapsone

  16. Prevention • Primary PCP prophylaxis (preventative antibiotic treatment before the onset of disease) • Reduces occurrence of PCP by 90%

  17. Review • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cuZb539SaaY

  18. Bibliography • http://www.pathologyimagesinc.com/emhandbook/opport-infections-section/inf-agents-pages/pneumocystis-carnii.html • http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Pneumocystis_carinii • http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/17278.jpg • http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/pneumocystis-carinii-pneumonia/overview.html • http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mycology/opportunistic.htm • http://www.healthscout.com/ency/68/558/main.html#PreventionofPneumocystisCariniiPneumonia(PCP) • http://dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/html/Pneumocystis.htm • http://summaries.cochrane.org/CD005590/antibiotic-treatment-for-the-prevention-of-pneumocystis-pneumonia-pcp-in-non-hiv-immunocompromised-patients

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