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Grammar Writing Lecture 6

Grammar Writing Lecture 6. 11-721 Grammars and Lexicons. Teruko Mitamura teruko@cs.cmu.edu www.cs.cmu.edu/~teruko. Schedule: November 26. Review of Bird2.gra Feedback on the 1 st assignment Project Grading Criteria Submit Grammar exercise (mlb.gra/results)

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Grammar Writing Lecture 6

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  1. Grammar WritingLecture 6 11-721 Grammars and Lexicons Teruko Mitamura teruko@cs.cmu.edu www.cs.cmu.edu/~teruko LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  2. Schedule: November 26 • Review of Bird2.gra • Feedback on the 1st assignment • Project Grading Criteria • Submit Grammar exercise (mlb.gra/results) • Start Grammar exercise (Japanese grammar) LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  3. Review: Bird 2 Grammar • Goal: To learn more on unification • Much better than bird.gra • Fine to have semantic features in f-structure • Some Problems: • Not scalable semantic features • ((x0 semclass) = Morris) • (meower -) for “bird” • Incomplete f-structures • Ambiguous f-structures LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  4. Feedback on the 1st assignment Planning • Make sure to estimate the time for each step (or each type) and the total time • No schedule was presented • No duration was presented • More time for testing and debugging may be needed • No additional types were presented Design • Subj-verb agreement with “be” verb and a regular verb • Test sentences must contain full sentences, not just pronoun and “be” verb. • Test sentences should contain all the pronouns. LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  5. Feedback on the 1st assignment (2) • Intransitive/Transitive/Ditransitive with PP • Make sure that sentences contain PP. • PP attachment may be ambiguous. Grammar should be able to handle both noun attachment and verb attachment. • Conjunction with PP and NP should be in an object position, not in a subject position • If you choose Passive • Should contain “by” phrase. • If you choose Sentences with the modified nominal construction. • Test sentences must contain full sentences, not just NP. LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  6. Feedback on the 1st assignment (3) • If you choose Sentences with the Noun-Noun compounds, test sentences must contain full sentences. • Optional notation doesn’t work with the parser NP -> (DET) N • A quotation mark <N’> doesn’t work inside Lisp. • Not enough test sentences • No statement of testing purposes, reasons for pass/failure LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  7. Feedback on the 1st assignment (4) • No feature structures • No attribute-value pair • You don’t need to write attribute-value pairs for each sentence type • Test sentences were too short • Some worked more than it was required for the 1st assignment • Overall Comment • Follow the steps of the process of grammar writing (see the slides or handouts) • If you have questions, please ask LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  8. Pseudo-Unification • Ordering of test and action equation • Right and left hand side of equation • Split f-structure LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  9. Grammar Writing Project Grading Criteria There are 5 parts, giving a letter grade separately See the introduction slides for references 1. Plan/Design 2. Grammar 3. Test Suites 4. Results 5. Issues/Discussions LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  10. 1. Plan/Design • Clear statement of goals, tasks, time estimates and actual time spent • Set of structures covered • Trees for each type of construction • Grammatical functions used • Feature structures used (attribute values) • See the grammar exercise cover page LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  11. 2. Grammar • Grammar writing principles followed: • Generality • Extensibility • Simplicity • Selectivity • Quality of grammar: easy to understand • Well-organized • Well-documented, etc. LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  12. 3. Test Suites • Enough sentences to test each type of construction • Include both grammatical and ungrammatical sentences • Clear statement of testing purposes, reasons for pass/failure LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  13. 3. Test Suites (2) Examples • Full sentences that contain “be” verb Test for person agreement. *I are a student Test for number agreement. *She is teachers Test for case agreement. *Me is a teacher Test for missing determiner *She is teacher LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  14. 4. Results • Grammatical sentences – all parsed • Ungrammatical sentences – all failed • Well-formed f-structures • No NILs in the f-structures • No missing f-structures, elements • No unnecessary redundancy • No unnecessary feature structures • No conflicting information in the f-structures • No unnecessary ambiguity LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  15. 5. Issues/Discussions (What you learned) • Any interesting findings • Grammar design issues (decisions and results) • Grammar writing principles vs. actual implementation issues • Time estimate vs. Actual time spent • Problems and Reasons • E.g. Ambiguity: reasons for more than one parse • E.g. Any limitations that you encountered • Platform, parser, grammar limitations • Other issues/discussions/future extension LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  16. Files to submit • Plan and Grammar Design • Test Suite • Grammar File - Specify the location of the grammar file • Test Results: two separate files • Grammatical sentences (parsed) • Ungrammatical sentences (failed) • No trace in the results files. Set to (dmode 0) • Issues/Discussions • If you use English grammar references, list them. LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  17. Project Due • December 7 (Friday) at 3pm • Late submission will be down-graded • Cari will collect the project (hard copy). • Don’t send the files by email. • Work alone. LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  18. Grammar Exercise (Japanese Grammar) • Free word-order language • SOV language • Case markers determine grammatical relations (ga, wo, ni, de, etc) • Grammar file: jpn.gra • Test files: jpn-test1.lisp /afs/cs/project/cmt-55/lti/Lab/Modules/GNL-721/2007/ LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  19. Japanese Lexicon nichiyoubi (Sunday) nyuuyooku (New York) hoomuran (home run) itta (went) utta (hit-past) Hideki, Ichiro (person’s name) ga (NOM case) wo (ACC case) ni (Time-on) ni (Loc-to) e (Loc-to) de (Loc-at) LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  20. Japanese Examples Nichiyoubi ni Hideki ga Nyuuyook e itta. Sunday on Hideki NOM New York to go PAST “Hideki went to New York on Sunday.” Nichiyoubi niNyuuyooku eHideki ga itta. Hideki ganichiyoubi niNyuuyooku e itta. Hideki gaNyuuyooku enichiyoubi ni itta. Nyuuyooku eHideki ganichiyoubi ni itta. Nyuuyooku enichiyoubi niHideki ga itta. LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  21. Japanese Examples (2) Hideki gaNyuuyooku e itta Nyuuyooku eHideki ga itta Nichiyoubi niNyuuyooku e itta Nyuuyooku enichiyoubi ni itta Hideki ganichiyoubi ni itta Nichiyoubi niHideki ga itta Hideki ga itta Nyuuyooku e itta Nichiyoubi ni itta LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  22. Japanese Example Nichiyoubi ni Ichiro ga hoomuran wo utta. Sunday on Ichiro NOM home run ACC hit-PAST “Ichiro hit a home run on Sunday.” LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  23. Ungrammatical Sentences • You can’t have two nominatives or accusatives in a sentence. (jpn-test1.lisp) *Hideki ga nichiyoubi ga itta *Hideki ga Hideki ga itta *Hideki ga hoomuran ga utta *Hideki wo hoomuran wo utta LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  24. Japanese Grammar • Use of recursive rules (<S> < == > (<NP> <S>) (<S> < == > (<V>) LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  25. Recursive Rules S NP S NP S N P N P V Hideki gaNyuuyooku e itta LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  26. Japanese Grammar (2) • “ni” is ambiguous in Japanese Time-on, Loc-to Nichiyoubi ni itta (went on Sunday) Nyuuyooku ni itta (went to New York) • “ni” and “e” can be used for Loc-to Nyuuyooku ni/e itta (went to New York) LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  27. Japanese grammar exercise • Grammar file: /afs/cs/project/cmt-55/lti/Lab/Modules/GNL721/2007/jpn.gra • Test file: jpn-test1.lisp LTI Grammars and Lexicons

  28. Questions? LTI Grammars and Lexicons

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