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Session 2: Emergency Management: Past, Present, & Future

Session 2: Emergency Management: Past, Present, & Future. Need to understand public management as the context for emergency management What is EM and why do we need it? How EM emerged EM in the public sector: key organizations and functions Major changes underway.

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Session 2: Emergency Management: Past, Present, & Future

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  1. Session 2: Emergency Management: Past, Present, & Future • Need to understand public management as the context for emergency management • What is EM and why do we need it? • How EM emerged • EM in the public sector: key organizations and functions • Major changes underway Session 2

  2. Emergency Management in the U.S. • Basic characteristics of the American federal system • Role and functions of each level of gov’t • Role of the President • Interest groups and public policy • Public sector involvement in EM Session 2

  3. EM at the Federal Level • Variety of authorities, agencies, and response plans • Main categories: natural hazards; industrial/technological threats; and human- induced, including terrorism • History of federal involvement and trends re centralization of EM Session 2

  4. Major Federal Response Plans • The National Contingency Plan (NCP) • The Federal Response Plan (FRP), including the Terrorism Annex; and • The Concept of Operations Plan (CONPLAN) • Other plans exist for telecommunications, immigration, and other emergencies. Session 2

  5. Lessons Learned About EM • Experiential knowledge is documented by practitioners and by researchers; an on-going endeavor • Examples: Importance of CEM Value of Mitigation Planning and Preparedness pay off Difficulties of sustaining interest, and commitment Session 2

  6. Past Disasters as Milestones • Major disasters often result in significant changes in law, policies, organizations, and processes regarding emergency management • Changes may be made at all levels and in all sectors, if response and recovery went badly • Some past events are “focusing events” that have a variety of outcomes, some of which lead to new and better ways to do EM in the future. Session 2

  7. Some Milestone Events • Exxon Valdez Oil Spill (1988) – led to major changes in the NCP and in the National Response System. • Hurricane Andrew (1992) – led to major changes in the FRP and at FEMA. • World Trade Center attack (2001) – led to major organizational changes, including the formation of the Office and then Dept. of Homeland Security. Session 2

  8. Dept. of Homeland Security • Triggering incidents were the Sept. 11, 2001 terrorist attacks • Preceded by the Office of H.S. in the Exec. Office of the President (Oct.2001- March 2003) • Enabling legislation dated Nov. 25, 2002; actual creation of the dept. will occur in 2003 • Largest federal reorganization in more than 50 years: 22 agencies and 170,000 personnel are involved Session 2

  9. Homeland Security References • Dept. of Homeland Security (www.dhs.gov) • State level departments of H.S. (www.nga.org) • Local level information (www.iaem.com) • Anser (www.answer.com) • Govexec.com (www.govexec.com) Session 2

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