STAAR REVIEW

1. STAAR REVIEW Age of Jackson, Reform, and geographic, economic and societal Expansion

2. 1824 • Four Democratic-Republican Candidates • None get a majority of electoral votes, but Jackson earns the most popular votes • The House chooses John Quincy Adams (who then makes SPEAKER Clay Sec. of State) • Jackson and his supporters are furious

3. “HE WHO COULD NOT BARTER NOR BARGAIN FOR THE PRESIDENCY!” Who, although a “Military Chieftain,” valued the purity of Elections and Electors MORE than the Office of PRESIDENT itself…

4. Tough • Vetoes laws • Decisive • Fires his cabinet • A “Man of the People” • Spoils System – gives government jobs to the common man • Natives are a “conquered people” • No National bank • Hard currency (gold) • Limited Government, but with a strong President • States cannot nullify federal laws

5. Bank War • Jackson vetoes the bank’s charter and removes the nation’s $ to state banks • Initial success; the nation is debt free • Followed by the Panic of 1837 (depression) • Indian Removal • Marshall’s Supreme Court rule in favor of the Cherokee • Jackson ignores the ruling and Indians are forced west on the Trail of Tears

6. Nullification Crisis • Tariff of Abomination hurts Southern economy • S. Carolina passes the Nullification Act • Jackson gets Congress to authorize force • S. Carolina threatens to secede • Henry Clay • Negotiates a compromise to lower the tariff over a ten year period

7. Henry Clay Negotiates a compromise to lower the tariff over a ten year period

8. Expanded Suffrage • Government BY the People; not just FOR the people • 2 new parties: • Jackson’s Democratic Party • His opponent’s (Clay, Webster) WHIG Party

9. The Whig Party • Arose from the faction of the Democratic-Republicans opposed to Jackson and his policies • Favored the National Bank • Feared Jackson’s view of a strong president • Favored federal $$ to fund internal improvements (“The American System”) • Leaders include: • Henry Clay • John Quincy Adams • John C. Calhoun • Daniel Webster

10. Social Reform

11. Education Reform Temperance What was The Second Great Awakening? The Second Great Awakening was a Christian religious revival movement during the early 19th century in the United States, which expressed the idea that every person could be saved. The Second Great Awakening Women’s Rights Prison Reform Care of the Disabled Labor Reform

12. Influence on Society • Preached that selfishness was the root of sin and evil • Influenced many reform movements, especially prison reform, abolition, temperance and care for the disabled and insane • By doing charitable work (God’s work) one could be saved • Church membership soared • New Christian denominations are established

13. Abolition "immediate emancipation!" Fredrick Douglass William Lloyd Garrison I could, as a free man, look across the bay toward the Eastern Shore where I was born a slave.

14. Accomplishments: • Anti- slavery societies grow in the North • Uncle Tom’s Cabin is published and becomes a best seller • Rallies and conventions are held • William Lloyd Garrison publishes “The Liberator” • Eventually: • Abraham Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation • After the Civil War, the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments to the Constitution are passed

15. Women’s Rights Susan B. Anthony Elizabeth Cady Stanton Lucretia Mott

16. Seneca Falls Convention We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness… Excerpt from the “Declaration of Rights and Sentiments,” adopted at the Seneca Falls Convention

17. Temperance Movement Carrie Nation Lyman Beecher

18. Temperance propaganda…

19. Hudson River School Artists Not an actual school, but an artistic trend in 1800s America. Named because of its beginnings in the Hudson River Valley of New York State and after many of the earlier paintings that depicted this region of the country.

20. John James Audubon • Ornithologist (expert on birds) and painter. • Famous for his highly accurate and detailed illustrations of American birds in their natural habitat.

21. TEKS 8.23A: identify selected racial, ethnic, and religious groups that settled in the United States and explain their reasons for immigration Why Immigrate? Enduring Understanding (main idea): People who voluntarily migrate do so because they are looking for a better life. • Political (Freedom from tyranny) • Social/Religious (Way of life, practice of faith) • Economic (Make more $)

22. TEKS 8.23A: identify selected racial, ethnic, and religious groups that settled in the United States and explain their reasons for immigration Who Came to the United States in the 19th Century? • English • Irish • Germans • European Jews (mostly from Russia and Germany) • Scandinavians • Chinese • Italians

23. Potato Famine

25. Acquisitions in chronological order: British Cession 1818 Oregon Territory 1846 Louisiana Purchase 1803 Treaty of Paris 1783 13 original colonies Mexican Cession 1848 Texas Annexation 1845 Gadsden Purchase 1853 Florida Cession 1819