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Understanding Family of Elements in the Periodic Table

Learn about metals, nonmetals, semiconductors, alkali metals, alkaline-earth metals, transition metals, halogens, and noble gases. Explore electron arrangements and chemical properties in this study guide.

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Understanding Family of Elements in the Periodic Table

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  1. Section 3: Families of Elements Chapter 4 Study Guide

  2. The Elements Video • http://www1.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=145369

  3. Definitions

  4. Metal: • An element that is shiny and conducts heat and electricity well.

  5. Nonmetal: • An element that conducts heat and electricity poorly.

  6. Semiconductor: • An element or compound that conducts electric current better than an insulator but not as well as a conductor does.

  7. Alkali metal: • One of the elements of Group 1 of the periodic table.

  8. Alkaline-earth metal: • One of the elements of Group 2 of the periodic table.

  9. Transition metal: • One of the elements of Groups 3-12 of the periodic table.

  10. Halogen: • One of the elements of Group 17 of the periodic table.

  11. Noble gas: • An unreactive element of Group 18 of the periodic table.

  12. Questions?

  13. Draw a diagram of the Carbon atom, showing its nucleus and electrons. Bohr Model of Carbon

  14. Objective 1: Locate alkali metals, alkaline-earth metals, and transition metals in the periodic table.

  15. Objective 1 • (1) The three main groups of elements are metals, non-metals, and semiconductors.

  16. Objective 1 • (2) Example elements of the alkali metals include lithium, sodium, and potassium.

  17. Objective 1 • (3) Alkali metals are extremely reactive because they have one valence electron that is easily removed to form a positive ion.

  18. Objective 1 • (4) Potassium, an alkali metal, is highly reactive because it has one valence electron.

  19. Objective 1 • (5) Most elements on the left side of the periodic table are metals.

  20. Objective 1 • (6) The alkali metals are located in the left-most column of the periodic table.

  21. Objective 1 • (7) Group 1 of the periodic table consists of the alkali metals, a highly reactive group of elements.

  22. Objective 1 • (8) Atoms of alkaline-earth metals, such as calcium, have two valence electrons.

  23. Objective 1 • (9) Group 2 elements that have two valence electrons are alkaline-earth metals.

  24. Objective 1 • (10) The transition metals are located in the center of the periodic table. Transition metals are elements that belong to Groups 3-12 and are somewhat reactive.

  25. Questions?

  26. Objective 2: Locate semiconductors, halogens, and noble gases in the periodic table.

  27. Objective 2 • (11) The elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals are called semiconductors.

  28. Objective 2 • (12) Semiconductors are elements that can conduct heat and electricity under certain conditions.

  29. Objective 2 • (13) The most familiar semiconductor, silicon, is one of the most abundant elements in Earth’s crust.

  30. Objective 2 • (14) Most halogens form compounds by gaining an electron to form a negative ion.

  31. Objective 2 • (15) An element belonging to Group 17 of the periodic table is considered a halogen.

  32. Objective 2 • (16) The halogens are highly reactive elements located in Group 17 of the periodic table.

  33. Objective 2 • (17) Group 17 halogens form compounds by gaining an electron and forming a negative ion or anion.

  34. Objective 2 • (18) The reactive elements of Group 17 that are poor conductors are halogens.

  35. Objective 2 • (19) Noble gases will exist as single atoms rather than as molecules.

  36. Objective 2 • (20) Noble gases exist as single atoms, belong to Group 18, and they are non-metals.

  37. Objective 2 • (21) Noble gases are nonreactive gaseous elements that are located in Group 18.

  38. Objective 2 • (22) Neon is an inert gas because its outer energy level is full of electrons.

  39. Questions?

  40. Objective 3: Relate an element’s chemical properties to the electron arrangement of its atoms.

  41. Objective 3 • (23) Group 18 noble gases are inert because their outermost energy level is full.

  42. Objective 3 • (24) Carbon and other nonmetals are found on the right side of the periodic table

  43. Objective 3 • (25) Transition metals such as copper or tungsten form compounds by losing electrons to form positive ions.

  44. Questions?

  45. The Elements Video • http://www1.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=145369

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