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Constructing Regional Advantage The Austrian Case

Constructing Regional Advantage The Austrian Case. Lukas Lengauer Michaela Trippl Franz Tödtling Institute for Regional Development and Environment Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration. I. INTRODUCTION. Core Objective of the Austrian team: .

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Constructing Regional Advantage The Austrian Case

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  1. Constructing Regional AdvantageThe Austrian Case Lukas Lengauer Michaela Trippl Franz Tödtling Institute for Regional Development and Environment Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration

  2. I. INTRODUCTION Core Objective of the Austrian team: • Analysis of Austrian policy approaches to support ICT related clusters and activities in three different type of RIS • Vienna: fragmented metropolitan RIS • Upper Austria: networked RIS • Salzburg: organisationally thin RIS • All three regions (NUTS 2 regions) investigated have the status of a „Bundesland“:  formal competencies for economic and innovation policies Steps done so far: • first analysis of structuring of RIS Vienna, Upper Austria and Salzburg • first comparison of regions Methodology: • desktop research & analysis of documents • use of secondary data (firm census 2001)

  3. Regional GDP/capita

  4. II. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND INNOVATION PERFORMANCE OF REGIONS Source: Statistics Austria

  5. R&D Expenditures 2004 Source: Statistics Austria

  6. Innovation performance Source: European Innovation Scoreboard 2006

  7. III. RIS VIENNA 1. SUBSYSTEM OF KNOWLEGE GENERATION AND DIFFUSION Main actors: • nine universities 127.448 students (2006), 11.232 graduates (2005) • 900 other ROs • technical colleges 11.232 students (2006), 1.366 graduates (2005) 60 degree programmes • one academic spin-off centre • eight technology centres RIS VIENNA

  8. ICT – Knowledge generation and diffusion I • Universities: • Technical University of Vienna (faculty of electrical engineering and information technology), • University of Vienna (faculty of computer sciences) • Medical University of Vienna (Section of Medical Computer Vision, excellence centre telemedicine) • Non-academic research institutes: • Austrian Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence (OFAI) • Seibersdorf Research (medical informatics) • Co-operative research institutes: • Advanced Computer Vision • Telecommunications Research Centre Vienna • Centre for virtual reality and visualisation • E-Commerce Competence Centre • Compilation Techniques for Embedded Processors • Design Methodology of Signal Processing Algorithms • Spatial Data from Laser Scanning and Remote Sensing • CAD technology in microelectronics RIS VIENNA

  9. ICT – Knowledge generation and diffusion II • Technical Colleges: • 10 degree programmes in software and informatics • 7 degree programmes in communication systems, and automation • Technology centres, technology parks, incubators: • Academic Spin Off Centre INITS (specific focus on ICT) • Business and Research Centre Höchststädtplatz (BRC) • Tech Gate Vienna  Strong presence of universities, research organisations, educational bodies RIS VIENNA

  10. 2. SUBSYSTEM OF KNOWLEDGE APPLICATION AND EXPLOITATION ICT – knowledge application and exploitation I Number of plants:5.928 (33 % of the Austrian total) Growth rate: + 117 % Employees:79.296 (25 % of the Austrian total) Growth rate: + 31 % • Leading subsectors:Employees • Telecommunications: 13.989 • Software consultancy and supply: 12.191 • Man. of television and radio transmittors: 11.938 • Wholesale of computers and software: 11.023 LQs > 1 for 15 of 19 subsectors RIS VIENNA

  11. ICT – knowledge application and exploitation II  Leading centre of Austrian ICT industry Source: Statistics Austria RIS VIENNA

  12. 3. POLICY SYSTEM Key actors: Policy measures / instruments City government • development of strategies • information about technological fields MA 27 EU strategy and economic development Vienna Business Agency (VBA) • broad bundle of funding and support measures for firms • attraction of FDI Centre f. Innovation & Technology (ZIT) • Focus on firms • calls: funding of projects • promotion of UIP • awarness raising, etc. Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF) • Focus on ROs • calls: funding of projects • establishment of endowed chairs within thematic programmes RIS VIENNA

  13. ICT - Policies • Innovation & technology policy: focus on specific clusters • ICT as on strategic policy priority • Combination of traditional instruments (e.g. funding) & modern tools (e.g. stimulation of networks) Actor: Policy measures / instruments Centre f. Innovation & Technology (ZIT) • ICT Calls: funding of R&D in firms Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF) • ICT calls: financial support to ROs • endowed chair for bioinformatics Vienna Business Agency (VBA) • Cluster initiative: „Vienna IT Enterprises“ – Management Unit • provision of information (e.g. about funding opportunities) and counselling services (e.g. legal advise) • stimulation of co-operation • Provision of infrastructure: setting up of technology park: BRC RIS VIENNA

  14. IV. RIS UPPER AUSTRIA 1. SUBSYSTEM OF KNOWLEGE GENERATION AND DIFFUSION Main actors: • two universities 12.991 students (2006), 1.251 graduates (2005) • technical colleges 3.742 students (2006), 804 graduates (2005) 32 degree programmes • 22 technology centres RIS UPPER AUSTRIA

  15. ICT – Knowledge generation and diffusion I • Universities: • Johannes Kepler University Linz (various institutes) • Non-academic research institutes: • Johann Radon Institute for Computational and Applied Mathematics (Austrian Academy of Science) • Profactor • Upper Austrian Research • Co-operative research institutes: • Software Competence Center Hagenberg • Linz Center of Competence in Mechatronics • Automated Software Engineering • Integrated Radar Sensores • Technical Colleges: • 11 degree programmes in software and informatics • 2 degree programmes in electronics, communication systems, and automation RIS UPPER AUSTRIA

  16. ICT – Knowledge generation and diffusion II • Technology centres, technology parks, incubators: SOFTWARE PARK HAGENBERG • 40 companies • 4 university institutes • Competence Center Hagenberg, • Upper Austrian Resarch (Dep. F. medicine informatics) • Research Center Hagenberg • Hagenberg Technical College (10 degree programmes)  In general: weak capacity of knowledge generation and diffusion – some strengths in selected areas RIS UPPER AUSTRIA

  17. 2. SUBSYSTEM OF KNOWLEDGE APPLICATION AND EXPLOITATION ICT – knowledge application and exploitation I Number of plants:2.271 (15 % of the Austrian total) Growth rate: + 129 % Employees:17.713 (11 % of the Austrian total) Growth rate: + 43 % • Leading subsectors: Employees • Wholesale of computers and software: 4.053 • Software consultancy and supply: 2.757 • Data processing: 2.601 • Telecommunications: 2.395 LQs > 1 for 3 of 19 subsectors RIS UPPER AUSTRIA

  18. ICT – knowledge application and exploitation II  Weak capacity to apply and exploit knowledge Source: Statistics Austria RIS UPPER AUSTRIA

  19. 3. POLICY SYSTEM Key actors: Policy measures / instruments Regional government (Dep. for Industry, Dep. for Education Upper Austrian Research and Technology Council • Advisory function for the regional government Technologie- und Marketinggesellschaft (TMG) • Design of innovation and location policy • Cluster promotion and network initiatives (funding of innovation networks between firms, , UIPs) • Location marketing • One stop shop for regional, national and international technology funding • Programme „TIM“: advice and management activities for innovation projects • Programme „Innovation Assistant“ CATT Innovation Management RIS UPPER AUSTRIA

  20. ICT - Policies • Economic, innovation & technology policies: explicit cluster approach (automotive, plastics, etc.) • no cluster initiative in the field of ICT – ICT as cross-sectional area (related variety ?) • Software Park Hagenberg RIS UPPER AUSTRIA

  21. V. RIS SALZBURG 1. SUBSYSTEM OF KNOWLEGE GENERATION AND DIFFUSION Main actors: • two universities • technical colleges • one academic spin-off centre • seven technology centres 12.979 students (2006), 1.722 graduates (2005) 1.876 students (2006), 311 graduates (2005) 14 degree progammes RIS SALZBURG

  22. ICT – Knowledge generation and diffusion • Universities: • University of Salzburg (Centre for Geoinformatics) • Non-academic research institutes: • Salzburg Resarch • Institute for Geographical Information Systems (Austrian Academy of Sciences) • Co-operative research institutes: • ANET Salzburg • Salzburg NewMediaLab • CD Lab for Embedded Software Systems • Technology Centres: • Techno-Z Salzburg (specialised on ICT) • three other centres with some focus on ICT related topics  Weak endowment with research & education institutes and transfer agencies – concentration on a few selected areas RIS SALZBURG

  23. 2. SUBSYSTEM OF KNOWLEDGE APPLICATION AND EXPLOITATION ICT – knowledge application and exploitation I Number of plants:1.173 (7 % of the Austrian total) Growth rate: + 104 % Employees:8.459 (5 % of the Austrian total) Growth rate: + 47 % • Leading subsectors:Employees • Wholesale of other office machinery and equipment: 1.840 • Software consultancy and supply: 1.151 • Telecommunications: 1.149 • Data processing: 8.67 LQs > 1 for 5 of 19 subsectors RIS SALZBURG

  24. ICT – knowledge application and exploitationII  Weak capacity to apply and exploit knowledge Source: Statistics Austria RIS SALZBURG

  25. 3. POLICY SYSTEM Key actors: Policy measures / instruments Regional government (Dep. for Universities, Dep. for Economy, Tourism Council for Science and Research • Advisory function for the regional government Innovations- und Technologietransfer-gesellschaft (ITG) • provision of information and counselling activities about EU framework programme • promotion of UIP, knowledge transfer, innovation networks Chamber of Commerce • Programme „Innovation Service“ (counselling) • External research and funding coaches: support for innovation projects to firms RIS SALZBURG

  26. ICT - Policies • Cluster and innovation policy: strongly bottom-up • cluster and network projects: wood, design & media • in the past: GIS cluster (network in disolution) • Focus on application of ICT (e.g. in tourism) – related variety ? • Overcoming weaknesses by institutional networking (with other provinces, national actors) ? RIS SALZBURG

  27. VI. COMPARING THE REGIONS Vienna • Well endowed with universities, ROs, educational bodies, etc.  Austria‘s scientific ICT centre • Strong concentration of ICT plants and firms; high LQs for many ICT subsectors  key location for the Austrian ICT industry • Comprehensive set of policy measures to promote ICT cluster • Problem: fragmented nature of RIS: mainly informal networking within cluster, lack of global pipelines Upper Austria • Presence of ROs with ICT competencies in specific fields • Weak concentration of ICT plants, ICT firms; low LQs for many ICT subsectors • Policy Approach: creating islands of software production (Hagenberg) & ICT as cross sectional area – related variety ? Salzburg • Weak endowment with ICT research capacity – concentration on specific fields • Weak concentration of ICT plants, ICT firms; low LQs for many ICT subsectors • Policy Approach: focus on selected areas (e.g. media, GIS) – focus on application (e.g. tourism) – bottom up principle dominates

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