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Senses- Ears

Senses- Ears . Hearing and balance are the main functions of hearing. Hearing works with the other 4 senses to aid us in obtaining information and keeping our bodies upright. I. Functions of the Ear. Hearing Balance. II. Parts of the Ear. 1. Outer Ear

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Senses- Ears

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  1. Senses- Ears Hearing and balance are the main functions of hearing. Hearing works with the other 4 senses to aid us in obtaining information and keeping our bodies upright.

  2. I. Functions of the Ear • Hearing • Balance

  3. II. Parts of the Ear • 1. Outer Ear • Pinna- fleshy curved part that is attached to each side of the head. It collects sound waves and directs them into the ear. • External Auditory Canal- a passageway about 1in. Long. Is lined with fine hairs and wax producing glands. • Tympanic Membrane (eardrum)- a thin sheet of tissue about ¼ inch across. Separates the outer ear from the middle ear

  4. Parts of the Ear • 2. Middle Ear - Ossicles- 3 small bones that are linked together and connect from the eardrum to the inner ear. 1. Malleus- Hammer bone is the first and largest of the 3 ossicles. 2. Incus- Anvil bone is the middle bone 3. Stapes- Stirrup bone is the last and smallest of the 3 ossicles. Also, connects the middle ear to the inner ear.

  5. Parts of the Ear • 2. Middle Ear cont. Mastoid process- small air-filled spaces in the bones that lie behind the middle ear. Eustachian Tube- 1.5 inch long tube that connects the ear to the throat. Equalizes pressure on either side of the ear.

  6. Parts of the Ear • 3. Inner Ear Oval Window- where stapes connects to the vestibule. Vestibule- (snail head) tiny baglike structures lined with hairs (balance). Semicircular Canals- 3 canals set at right angles to one another that control your balance.

  7. Inner Ear Continued Cochlea- (snail shell) 3 fluid filled tubes that contain thousands of tiny hair cells. Organ of Corti located inside. Auditory Nerve- nerves attached to hairs in cochlea that convert sound waves to brain for processing. Round Window- expands as oval window is pushed in from vibrations.

  8. The Hearing Process • Vibrations in the air cause sound waves • Sound waves are collected by the pinna • Continue through external auditory canal • Eardrum vibrates • Malleus, Incus, Stapes vibrate • Oval window moves in and out with the vibrations • Vibrations travel into cochlea where hairs are stimulated • Hairs trigger nerve impulses to auditory nerve • Auditory nerve send impulses to brain for processing

  9. Balance • Semicircular canals are responsible for balance • Fluid in the crista of the semicircular canals move hairs when body is moved • When body moves, hairs bend and send impulses to brain. • Brain sends impulses to muscles to compensate for movement

  10. Prolonged exposure to loud noise can lead to hearing loss!!!! • The longer you are exposed to these loud sounds, the tiny hairs are damaged permanently!!!!! • They do not grow back if they are damaged!!!! • Sounds above 80db are considered potentially hazardous

  11. Sound is measured by decibels.Here are some examples of different sounds. • Sounds dB SPL • Rocket Launching 180 • Jet Engine 140 • Thunderclap, Air Raid Siren 1 Meter 130 • Jet takeoff (200 ft) 120 • Rock Concert, Discotheque 110 • Firecrackers, Subway Train 100 • Heavy Truck (15 Meter), City Traffic 90 • Alarm Clock (1 Meter), Hair Dryer 80 • Noisy Restaurant, Business Office 70 • Air Conditioning Unit, Conversational Speech 60 • Light Traffic (50 Meter), Average Home 50 • Living Room, Quiet Office 40 • Library, Soft Whisper (5 Meter) 30 • Broadcasting Studio, Rustling Leaves 20 • Hearing Threshold 0

  12. What else does loud noise affect? • Noise not only affects hearing. It affects other parts of the body and body systems. • It is now known that noise: • Increases blood pressure • Has negative cardiovascular effects such as changing the way the heart beats • Increases breathing rate • Disturbs digestion • Can cause an upset stomach or ulcer • Can negatively impact a developing fetus, perhaps contributing to premature birth • Makes it difficult to sleep, even after the noise stops • Intensifies the effects of factors like drugs, alcohol, aging

  13. Protect Yourself from Noise • Limit your exposure • Pump down the volume! • Educate yourself and others • Have your hearing tested regularly • Wear ear protection

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