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Cell Growth and Division

Cell Growth and Division. Chapter 10. Why Cell’s Divide. As volume increases: More demand placed on cell’s DNA (DNA Overload) More difficult to bring in enough nutrients and get rid of waste (material exchange) Surface area increases at a slower rate. Limits on Cell Growth. Volume

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Cell Growth and Division

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  1. Cell Growth and Division Chapter 10

  2. Why Cell’s Divide . . . As volume increases: More demand placed on cell’s DNA (DNA Overload) More difficult to bring in enough nutrients and get rid of waste (material exchange) Surface area increases at a slower rate

  3. Limits on Cell Growth Volume V=4/3 Pi r3 Surface area SA=4 Pi r2

  4. Cells divide rather than grow indefinitely

  5. Before a cell gets too large it undergoes . . . Cell Division – a cell divides into two new daughter cells

  6. Cell Division Section 10 -2

  7. Cell Division (2stages) Mitosis – nucleus splits (2 nuclei) Cytokinesis-cytoplasm divides (2 daughter cells)

  8. Cell Cycle Describes the events a cell undergoes as it grows and divides.

  9. Cell Cycle (phases) G1 (primary growth phase) –cell gets bigger S (synthesis)- DNA is replicated

  10. Cell Cycle (phases) G2 (gap 2) –cell prepares to divide, organ-elles replicate M (mitosis)- cell nucleus divides into two (PMAT)

  11. Cell Cycle (phases) C (Cytokinesis)- cell cytoplasm divides resulting in two daughter cells

  12. Cell Cycle (phases) Interphase- cell resting (G1, S, G2) M Phase- Cell actively dividing (M, C)

  13. Mitosis The division of the cell’s nucleus. 4 Stages (PMAT)

  14. Prophase Chromosomes condense Centrioles move to opposite poles Nuclear envelope breaks down

  15. Metaphase Chromosomes line up in the middle of cell Chromosomes connect to spindle fibers

  16. Anaphase Sister chromatids separate at centromere Sister chromatids move to opposite poles

  17. Telophase Chromosomes gather at opposite ends (start to unwind) Spindles break down Nuclear envelope re-forms

  18. Cytokinesis Cytoplasm pinches in half Result: Two identical daughter cells

  19. Regulating the Cell Cycle

  20. Cyclins A family of Proteins Regulate the timing of the cell cycle 2 types: Internal regulators External regulators

  21. Cyclins Internal – conditions inside the cell must be met (ex DNA Replication completed) External- inhibitors on the surface of neighboring cell prevent cell division

  22. Cancer Don’t respond to signals regulating growth Cells divide uncontrllably Tumors – mass of cancer cells

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