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Fundamentals

Fundamentals. acquisition processing to an image models blob coloring algoritm. Acquisition and processing. CCD chips. CT scan. MRI scan. strong magnetic field 1,5 Tesla , alignment of spin of bounded protons, 13 C and 31 P electromagnetic pulse, disruption

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Fundamentals

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  1. Fundamentals • acquisition • processing to an image • models • blob coloring algoritm Theo Schouten

  2. Acquisition and processing Theo Schouten

  3. CCD chips Theo Schouten

  4. CT scan Theo Schouten

  5. MRI scan • strong magnetic field 1,5 Tesla, alignment of spin of bounded protons, 13C and 31P • electromagnetic pulse, disruption • spin-lattice or T1, and spin-spin or T2 relaxation: EM radiation • 3D image after large number of measurements Theo Schouten

  6. Ultrasound • doppler effect:speed of blood • much technical improvements • also 3D images Theo Schouten

  7. Structured light Theo Schouten

  8. Spot ranger Theo Schouten

  9. CCD focus passive method: lens is moved until (the center of) the acquired image is as sharp as possible. The average difference between the pixels and their neighboring pixels is used to determine the how sharp the image is. The active method uses an infrared bundle. The amount of received reflected light is proportional to the distance to the object. With the aid of a motor, the lens is the placed in the appropriate position. Theo Schouten

  10. Image functions f(x) = f(x,y) the light intensity or energy on position x f(x) = i(x).r(x) f(x) = { fred(x), fgreen(x), fblue(x)} digitizing models aspect ratio’s: 1, 4/3 16/9 quantization models: number of bits for light per pixel per color 1: binary image 8: gray or color images trend to higher numbers: 10, 12, 16 Theo Schouten

  11. Geometric models |u| |a11 a12 a23 a14| |X| and x = u/w , y=v/w |v| = |a21 a22 a23 a24| |Y| |w| |a31 a22 a33 a34| |Z| |a41 a42 a43 a44| |1| Theo Schouten

  12. Stereo model Theo Schouten

  13. Radiometric models Energy flux watts Radiant intensityI= d/d watts/steradian Solid angle (ruimte hoek) d=dA/r2 = dAcos/r2 Irradiance (instraling) E=d /dA watts/m2 Radiance (uitstraling) L=d2/dAcosd Flux  op lens van gebiedje A0 :  L dAod = L Aocos  met  = /4 D2 cos / (fo/ cos)2 Instraling op Ap : E= / Ap =L A0cos / Ap Centrum van lens ziet Ap en Aoonder dezelfde ruimte hoek: Aocos/(fo/ cos)2 = Ap cos/ (fp/ cos)2 Alles in E invullen: E= /4 (D/fp)2 L cos4 Theo Schouten

  14. Eye color model Theo Schouten

  15. RGB model CMY (K) Theo Schouten

  16. Other color models Theo Schouten

  17. Relations, blob coloring f(xu) f(xl) do: 1 0 color(xc) := color(xu) 0 1 color(xc) := color(xl) 0 0 color(xc) := k ; k := k+1 1 1 color(xc) := color(xu) or color(xl)and store in a list: color(xu) == color(xl) Theo Schouten

  18. Convolution operation • window (3 x 3) • mask or filter (values of w’s) • convolution: parallel operation • serial operation • for many methods both parallel and serial versions are known Theo Schouten

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