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Key Events in International System Development

Key Events in International System Development. Key Events. The Beginning 18 th & 19 th Centuries 20 th & 21 st Centuries. The Beginning. Why is this building, the Friedensaal , significant to international relations?. Treaty of Westphalia. Signed in 1648- ended the 30 Years War.

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Key Events in International System Development

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  1. Key Events in International System Development

  2. Key Events • The Beginning • 18th & 19th Centuries • 20th & 21st Centuries

  3. The Beginning Why is this building, the Friedensaal, significant to international relations?

  4. Treaty of Westphalia Signed in 1648- ended the 30 Years War

  5. Treaty of Westphalia-1648 3 things came out of the Treaty: Sovereignty States System

  6. 18th & 19th Centuries 3 Key Changes Impacted System Development • Demand for Popular Sovereignty • Westernization of international system • Culmination of multipolar system

  7. #1- Evolution of Popular Sovereignty 3 things were involved: #1- Historically Raison d’état prevailed • ‘Requirements of the State’ • Based on ‘the divine right of kings’ • Meaning of sovereignty

  8. #1- Demand for Popular Sovereignty 3 things were involved: #2 - Challenges to raison d’état • Push for ‘popular’ sovereignty • American Revolution (1776) • French Revolution (1789)

  9. #1- Demand for Popular Sovereignty Demand caused 3 things to happen: #3- Eventual collapse of dynasties • Tsarist Russia • Austria-Hungary • Ottoman Empire • Imperial China • Soviet Union

  10. 18th & 19th Centuries 3 Key Changes Impacted System Development • Demand for Popular Sovereignty • Westernization of international system • Culmination of multipolar system

  11. Westernization of Int’l System Scientific & Technological Advances • Guns & Gunpowder • Naval Technology • Industrial Revolution • Mass production • Advances in transportation • Advances in communication

  12. Westernization of Int’l System Colonization & Imperialism • What are these? • Where?

  13. The Americas

  14. Africa

  15. Asia

  16. The Sun Never Sets

  17. 18th & 19th Centuries 3 Key Changes Impacted System Development • Demand for Popular Sovereignty • Westernization of International System • Culmination of Multipolar System

  18. Culmination of Multipolar System Types of World Systems: • Unipolar System • Bipolar System • Multipolar System • Modified Multipolar System

  19. Power Poles Power Pole Power Pole Power Pole Growing Power Growing Power Power Pole

  20. 20th & 21st Centuries • World War I -1914-1919 • Bolshevik Revolution -1917 • Post-WWI • The Great Depression -1929 • World War II -1939-1945 • Post WWII • Cold War Era -1945-1991 • Post CW Era -1991 to present

  21. World War I • Treaty of Versailles • War Reparations • Empires end • Austro-Hungarian Empire • Ottoman Empire

  22. Ottoman Empire from 1807-1924 • All of Austria, Hungary, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, • Large parts of Serbia, Romania • Bits of Italy, Montenegro, Poland, Ukraine

  23. Post World War I • Rise of Soviet Union • Rise of German nationalism • The Great Depression -1929 • Munich Conference -1938 • Sudentenland • Appeasement Policy

  24. World War II • European Theater of Operations • Pacific Theater of Operations

  25. Post World War II • Emergence of a Bipolar System • Formation of the United Nations • Decolonization • Reasons for • Difficulties for former colonies

  26. War of Ideologies: Democracy v. Communism Securing Interests in Europe • United States • Marshall Plan, Truman Plan • Formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) • Soviet Union • Eastern European takeover= Eastern Bloc • Warsaw Treaty Pact

  27. Cold War Foreign Policy • Cuban Missile Crisis -1962 • US Containment Doctrine • Korean War • McCarthyism • Vietnam War • Nixon goes to China -1972 • SU invades Afghanistan -1979 • Brief era of détente • Thawing of relations

  28. Cold War Era-The Reagan Years • Détente ends • Reagan Administration • New Soviet Premier Mikhail Gorbachev - 1985 • Perestroika (economic restructuring) • Glasnost (openness) • Berlin Wall is torn down -1989 • Eastern Bloc countries follow • Fall of the Soviet Union -1991 • End of bipolar system

  29. Post-Cold War Era • Modified Multipolar System • Global North v. Global South • European Union • Expansion of EU in P-CW era • Adoption of euro -1999 • China joins World Trade Organization (WTO)

  30. Post-Cold War Era • 9/11 • 'War on Terror‘ begins • Challenges traditional approach to security • War in Afghanistan -2001 • Operation Enduring Freedom • Iraq -2003 • Arab Spring -2011

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