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Cherokee Indians

Cherokee Indians. The Beginnings. Around 1000 AD the first Cherokee natives arrived in the Great Smoky Mountains. They belonged to the branch of Iroquois who moved south from New England. The 7 Clans. Paint Deer Bird Wolf Blue Long Hair Wild Potato. Facts.

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Cherokee Indians

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  1. Cherokee Indians

  2. The Beginnings • Around 1000 AD the first Cherokee natives arrived in the Great Smoky Mountains. • They belonged to the branch of Iroquois who moved south from New England.

  3. The 7 Clans • Paint • Deer • Bird • Wolf • Blue • Long Hair • Wild Potato

  4. Facts • Their society was based on hunting, trading, and agriculture. • In 1540, the first Europeans encountered the Cherokee Indians. Hernando de Soto led an exploration through Cherokee territory.

  5. Facts • At that time in 1540, Cherokee lands included a large part of what is now the Southeastern United States.

  6. Government • Peace Chief & War Chief • There was no absolute rule. • Democratic Process-the members voiced their concerns.

  7. Family • The family was traced through the mother.

  8. 18th Century • European Settlers arrived. • Battled in the 1760’s. • Cherokee Indians withdrew to the Blue Ridge Mountains.

  9. European Influence Tools • Weapons • Customs • Cherokee Indians hunted animals for skins as well as for food.

  10. Conflicts • While population increased conflicts arose. • War & disease “decimated” the tribe. • Cherokee Indians were forced to sign over land to British & then to United States.

  11. Early 1800’s Cherokee Indian Nation

  12. Established Democratic Government • Chief • Vice – Chief • 32 Council Members (elected by tribe) • Constitution & Code of Law

  13. Sequoyah Contribution • 1808 the Sequoyah invented system for writing. • Within 2 years almost all Cherokee Natives could read & write.

  14. “Cherokee Phoenix” • Newspaper established by the Cherokee Indians

  15. Removal of the Cherokee Indians • 1828-Gold discovered on Cherokee land. • 1830-President Andrew Jackson • 1830 Removal Act-calling for Indian relocation to Oklahoma. • 1838-US government forced Cherokee Indians from their homes.

  16. “Trail of Tears” • 4000 + Indians died from cold, hunger, and disease. • It was a 6 month journey.

  17. Eastern Band • Some Cherokee Indians hid in the Smoky Mountains. • 1860-William Holland Thomas purchased 57,000 acres of land for the Eastern Band of Cherokee.

  18. Developments in 1870 & 1889 • 1870-The Cherokee Indians were allowed to claim some of Western, North Carolina land. • 1889- 56,000 acres were chartered & is now called the Qualla Indian Reserve. • The Qualla Indian Reserve is home to about 11,000 Cherokee Indian descendants.

  19. Today in the Qualla Indian Reserve • Today the Qualla boundary is held by the federal government • Trust only for Eastern Band • Less than 13,000 are enrolled as tribal members of the Eastern Band of the Cherokee Nation.

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