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Introduction to XSLT & its use in Grainger Library full-text & metadata projects

Introduction to XSLT & its use in Grainger Library full-text & metadata projects. Thomas G. Habing Grainger Engineering Library Presentation to ASIS&T, 12 November 2003 http://dli.grainger.uiuc.edu/ASIS_XSLT / (soon). XSL Transformations (XSLT).

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Introduction to XSLT & its use in Grainger Library full-text & metadata projects

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  1. Introduction to XSLT & its use in Grainger Library full-text & metadata projects Thomas G. HabingGrainger Engineering Library Presentation to ASIS&T, 12 November 2003http://dli.grainger.uiuc.edu/ASIS_XSLT/ (soon)

  2. XSL Transformations (XSLT) XSLT 1.0 – W3C Recommendation (16 November 1999) XSL FO 1.0 –W3C Recommendation(15 October 2001) XSLT 2.0 – W3C Working Draft (2 May 2003) • Language for transforming XML to XML, HTML • Map from one semantic scheme to another (generally of equivalent or lesser granularity) • E.g., map <auth><sn>Cole</sn><fn>Tim</fn></auth> to <creator>Tim Cole</creator> Intro to XSLT at Grainger

  3. XSL Transformations (XSLT) – 2 • Examples: • XML to XHTML • MARC to Dublin Core • ISO Math Markup to MathML • Normalize collection of heterogeneous markup • Extract subset of a complete document(s) • Open multiple XML documents simultaneously • Search across multiple XML documents • Read XSD to decide how to transform an XML file Intro to XSLT at Grainger

  4. XSL Transformations (XSLT) – 3 • Full-featured procedural programming language • Flow control (e.g., looping & conditional branching) • Variables, input parameters supported • Basic string manipulation, numeric calculations • Modularity, calls to external functions, recursion • External functions execute within constraints of transforming XML parser being used • Single XML document as output (1.0) Intro to XSLT at Grainger

  5. XSL Transformations (XSLT) – 4 • Implemented by transforming XML parsers • Transforms can be done server or client side • Newer browsers (IE5, Mozilla / Netscape 7) • XSLT documents are themselves XML <xsl:template match='//author'> <xsl:element name='dc:creator'> <xsl:value-of select='lastname'/> <xsl:text>, </xsl:text> <xsl:value-of select='firstname'/> </xsl:element > </xsl:template> • Valuable for interoperability or reusability Intro to XSLT at Grainger

  6. XML Path Language (XPath) XPath 1.0 – W3C Recommendation (16 November 1999) XPath 2.0 – W3C Working Draft (22 August 2003) • Language for addressing parts of an XML file • Data model for XML • Includes tests, pattern matching • Used in XSLT to access DOM elements Intro to XSLT at Grainger

  7. XML Path Language (XPath) – 2 • XPath expressions evaluate to atomic values, individual nodes, or collections of nodes • XPath is syntax for identify document nodes in XSLT • //dc:title • dc:dc/dc:subject[3] • dc:dc/dc:* • marc:datafield[@tag=100] | marc:datafield[@tag=110] • marc:datafield[@tag=260]/marc:subfield[@code='c'] • . • substring(dc:title,5,10) Intro to XSLT at Grainger

  8. XSLT Examples • XSLT for Dublin Core XML to XHTML • Ballads DC • XSLT for MARC21 XML to HTML • Ballads MARC • XSLT for MARC21 XML to DC XML • Ballads MARC to DC • XSLT to search multiple DC XML files • Search 5 DC Records Intro to XSLT at Grainger

  9. ZVON Tutorial http://www.zvon.org/xxl/XPathTutorial/General/examples.html http://www.zvon.org/xxl/XSLTutorial/Output/contents.html Intro to XSLT at Grainger

  10. XSL Tools • TIBCO XMLTransform • MarrowSoft Xselerator • Treebeard • JAXP (Java XML Transforming Parser) • MSXML SDK • MSXSL (Command line transformer) • EXSLT Intro to XSLT at Grainger

  11. XSLT Where Should It Happen • Client-side • IE5+ or Mozilla • IE5 not yet fully compliant w/ XSLT and XPath standard • Can reduce the load on your servers • But performance on low-end clients can be BAD • Server-side • Performance could be a problem on busy servers, serving large, complex documents • More control and flexibility over the conversion (metamerge) • Offline Preconversion • Best performance • Not good for dynamic documents (metamerge) Intro to XSLT at Grainger

  12. How We Use XSLT • Most tags are converted to HTML spans with a class attribute equal to the original tag name,i.e. <sect>becomes<span class=“sect”> <xsl:template match=“*”> <span> <xsl:attribute name=“class”> <xsl:value-of select=“local-name()”/> </xsl:attribute> <xsl:apply-templates/> </span></xsl:template> • If the tag must be a block element, that is specified in the CSS: span.sect {display:block} • This improves the modularity of the code Intro to XSLT at Grainger

  13. How We Use XSLT (cont.) • Some tags require special conversion,i.e.<emph type=“1”>becomes <span class=“emph_1”> <xsl:template match=“emph”> <span> <xsl:attribute name=“class”> <xsl:value-of select=“local-name()”/>_ <xsl:value-of select=“@type”/> </xsl:attribute> <xsl:apply-templates/> </span></xsl:template> • CSS: span.emph_1 {font-style:italic} span.emph_2 {font-weight:bold} Intro to XSLT at Grainger

  14. How We Use XSLT (cont.) • Some elements need to have punctuation added, i.e.<ag><au>Tom</au><au>Tim</au><au>Bob</au></ag> becomes Tom, Tim, Bob. <xsl:template match=“au[position() = last()]”> <span><xsl:call-template name=“class-attr”/> <xsl:apply-templates/>. </span></xsl:template><xsl:template match=“au[position() != last()]”> <span><xsl:call-template name=“class-attr”/> <xsl:apply-templates/>,&#32; </span></xsl:template> Intro to XSLT at Grainger

  15. How We Use XSLT (cont.) • Some elements need their children rearrangedi.e.<au><sn>Habing</sn><fn>Tom</fn></au> becomes Tom Habing <xsl:template match=“au”> <span><xsl:call-template name=“class-attr”/> <xsl:apply-templates select=“fn”/>&#32; <xsl:apply-templates select=“sn”/> </span></xsl:template> • ‘Real’ DTDs can require some fairly complex processing. • So far XSLT seems to be able to handle nearly every case we have come across • However, some cases have required JScript extensions to XSLT Intro to XSLT at Grainger

  16. How We Use XSLT (cont.) • Some elements are converted into HTML elements other than <span> • Elements representing figures or images are converted to the <img src=“…”> tag. • Elements representing internal links with ID and IDREF attributes are usually converted into <a name=“…”></a> or <a href=“#…”>…</a> tags. • Table elements are converted into corresponding HTML <table>, <tr>, or <td> tags. • In all cases, a class attribute is added which is the original XML tag name; this is used in the CSS. Intro to XSLT at Grainger

  17. XSLT Demos • ASM Handbook • article2.xsl • asm_ie5_html.css • Summary of Engineering Research • SER2FO.xsl • Dublin Core XML Schemas • DCDD.xsl • DCDD2.xsl • test_dcterms.xml • sampleDCDD2.xml Intro to XSLT at Grainger

  18. TEI and XSLT • XSL stylesheets for TEI XML • XSL TEI HTML stylesheet parameterization Intro to XSLT at Grainger

  19. Extreme XSLT • http://fxsl.sourceforge.net/ • http://www.topxml.com/code/?p=1&ms=10&l=designpatterns&sw=categ • http://www.schematron.com/ Intro to XSLT at Grainger

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