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1963-2009

1963-2009. “War on Poverty”. very popular at first continued Kennedy’s programs 1964 Congress passed Economic Opportunity Act $1 billion for youth programs anti-poverty measures job training small business loans. “Great Society Program”. LBJ’s vision of a more perfect, equitable society

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1963-2009

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  1. 1963-2009

  2. “War on Poverty” • very popular at first • continued Kennedy’s programs • 1964 Congress passed Economic Opportunity Act • $1 billion for • youth programs • anti-poverty measures • job training • small business loans

  3. “Great Society Program” • LBJ’s vision of a more perfect, equitable society • intended to benefit minorities and the poor • rebuild decaying inner cities • air-water pollution bills • Goal – • eliminate hunger, disease, discrimination • number of poor dropped from 21% to 11% in 10 years

  4. Medicare, Medicaid passed • Medicare • health insurance for elderly through social security • Medicaid • health care for those on welfare or below poverty line • Immigration Act of 1965 • strict limit on number of immigrants

  5. New Deal vs Great Society similarities Differences Pre-school education in Great Society but not New Deal Great Society protected civil liberties of African-Americans, New Deal did not • Used the government to enhance social welfare • Government sponsored employment programs • Government support for the arts • Federal legislation to help elderly • Government encouraged housing construction

  6. King arrested in Birmingham

  7. Scenes from Alabama

  8. March on Washington, 1963 • Aug. 250,000 people joined Martin Luther King • Encourage Congress to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964

  9. King makes his “I have a dream” speech • appeal for peace, racial harmony

  10. 2 weeks later bomb is thrown into a Birmingham church killing 4 young girls

  11. Civil Rights Act of 1964 • prohibited discrimination in public accommodations because of • Race • Religion • national origin • gender • established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

  12. Sit-In Demonstrations Protest segregated areas of public facilities.

  13. Malcolm X • Blacks should separate from white society • took militant approach, opposite of Dr. King • became minister in Nation of Islam (Black Muslims) • Feb. 1965, Malcolm X assassinated by alleged Black Muslim

  14. Black Power Movement • started by Stokely Carmichael, 1966 • Oct. 1966, Huey Newton, Bobby Seale started Black Panthers • fight police brutality in the ghetto • advocated • Black Power • black nationalism • community development

  15. Dr. King objected to Black Power movement would scare white support

  16. 1963, Betty Friedan’s book • “The Feminine Mystique” • inspired women to join together • 1966 started “NOW” • National Organization for Women • a group that would address the grievances of women

  17. 1972, Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) • protected against discrimination based on gender • needed 38 States to ratify, only got 35 • amendment dies in 1982 due to being a threat to traditional values, social patterns • Phyllis Schlafly led the fight against it

  18. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution-1964 • result of alleged North Vietnamese torpedo boats attacking U.S. destroyers • gave the President unlimited war powers

  19. Tet Offensive - Jan. 30, 1968 • Vietnamese New Year holiday • communists forces launch massive attacks all over South Vietnam • militarily it was a disaster for communists

  20. March 31, 1968 announced on TV that he would not run again

  21. Election of 1968 Robert Kennedy • competed for Democratic nomination when Johnson quit Eugene McCarthy Hubert Humphrey

  22. Third Party Candidate • George Wallace, American Party candidate • Governor of Alabama

  23. Richard Nixon, Republican Party • promised • peace in Vietnam • law and order • return to conservative values • Nixon wins easily

  24. 1969 - Nixon launchs“Vietnamization” Program • End Vietnam War • Peace with honor • gradual withdrawal of American troops • replaced by South Vietnamese troops

  25. Cambodia, 1970 • Nixon sends troops to destroy communist sanctuaries

  26. violence breaks out in cities, college campuses • which actually hurt Anti-War movement • students are killed by National Guard at Kent State and Jackson State

  27. Détente • relax tensions between U.S., Russia, China • Nixon visits both countries • negotiated treaties with both • China, lifted trade, travel restrictions

  28. USSR - SALT I treaty, limit nuclear arms

  29. Nixon Presidency • started “New Federalism” program • Distribute portion of federal power to states • series of revenue sharing programs • providing funds to State, Local agencies • proposed Family Assistance Plan that would give needy families a yearly grant of $1600 • Could earn up to $4000 more • Failed to pass Congress

  30. Watergate Scandal • 5 men “bugged” the Office of the Democratic National Committee • Nixon’s Attorney General and closest advisers were involved • FBI, CIA, IRS harassed political opponents • Greatest political scandal in American History • most lasting effect • created public cynicism about government

  31. investigation reveals that Nixon did know • Aug. 8, 1974 Nixon resigns from office to avoid impeachment

  32. VP Gerald Ford becomes President • only president not elected to Executive Branch

  33. Election of 1976 • Watergate left Americans distrustful of public officials and government • Carter had promised • never to lie to Americans • to “clean-up Washington” • alienates Washington insiders • Carter wins 50.1% of the vote • Ford lost due to • Watergate backlash • Nixon pardoning • Jimmy Carter Gerald Ford (Washington outsider)

  34. Greatest AchievementCamp David Accords • 1978 Egypt-Israel sign peace treaty • Egypt recognizes Israel as sovereign nation • most Arab nations opposed the treaty • Egyptian President Anwar Sadat eventually assassinated

  35. Iran Hostage CrisisGreatest failure • 1979 Iran’s Shah forced to leave Iran • came to U.S. • Islamic Republic formed, Ayatollah Khomeini takes control • demands return of Shah • U.S. refuses

  36. Women • feminist movement urged full • Social • Political • economic opportunity • became more organized and focused after the Civil Rights Act, 1964 • 1963, Equal Pay Act passed • same pay as men for same job

  37. Nixon, Ford, Carter Years 1968-1980

  38. Jimmy Carter Presidency1976-1980 • Focused efforts on energy crisis • proposed national energy program • asked Americans to reduce energy consumption • Americans ignored • Created Dept. of Energy • promoted use of coal • use renewable resources • Dealt with “stagflation” • Rising inflation and rising unemployment

  39. militants capture American Embassy • holds 52 people for 444 days • 1980 U.S. attempts to rescue hostages • fails, 8 killed • portrayed the U.S. as being weak, inept • hostages released Jan. 1981 after Reagan was sworn in

  40. Reagan, Bush, Clinton Years 1981-2000

  41. 1980 Election • Carter vs Ronald Reagan • Reagan appealed to Americans • reduce government and taxes • increase Defense spending • “bring the pride back” • Restore conservative values • Like Carter in 1976, Reagan capitalized on being Washington “outsider”.

  42. 1980 Election, cont. • Reagan wins 44/50 States • Carter refused to campaign while hostages were held 1980-1988

  43. Reaganomics supply side economics • increase supply of goods • reduce price • tax cuts • national debt grew • first step towards creating a healthy economy • cut federal spending • except for National Defense and military • increased • deregulated price controls on oil, gas, auto industry, airline industry, eased pollution controls • appointed administrators to EPA that was sympathetic to business

  44. Election 1984 • Reagan vs Walter Mondale • featured Geraldine Ferraro as VP candidate • 1st woman to run in Executive Branch • Reagan wins in landslide • Wins 49/50 States

  45. The Election of 1984

  46. continues “Reaganomics” and defense spending • Inflation, unemployment falls • Gross National Product grows • Reagan appoints Sandra Day O’Conner to Supreme Court • 1st woman appointed to the court

  47. Election of 1988 • George Bush vs Michael Dukakis • Jesse Jackson becomes 3rd Party candidate • Bush wins easily

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