Ahmet Hamdi USTA Deputy General Director General Directorate of Civil Defence TURKEY

1. DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN TURKEY Ahmet Hamdi USTA Deputy General Director General Directorate of Civil Defence TURKEY

2. Presentation Plan I. Introduction II. Legal Framework for Disaster Management System III. Main Responsible Bodies for Disasters and Other Emergencies IV. The Present Crisis Management System V. The Organisation of the CivilDefence General Directorate VI. The Civil Defence College VII. The Re-structuring Works VIII. Professional Search and Rescue Teams IX. Volunteer Guidance and Cooperation Procedure. X. Possibilities for cooperation with the EU and EU Member States

3. I. Introduction Earthquakes, landsllides, floods avalanches, rock-fall, fires Industrial hazards, NBCR threats, accidents, environmental pollution • 92% of our country is under the risk of earthquake, • North Anatolian Fault Zone, • East Anatolian Fault Zone, • South-Aegean Graben System, • East Anatolian Overlap.

4. Legal Framework for Disaster Management System • Law on Civil Defence (1958) • Law on Measures Regarding Disasters (1959) • Prime Ministry Crisis Management Center Regulations (1997) • Decree on Mandatory Earthquake Insurance (2000) • Guidance on Participation of Volunteers in Civil Protection Services (2000) • Decree Establishing the Prime Ministry Emergency Management GeneralDirectorate (2000) • Regulations on the Establishment, Responsibilities, Operational Principles and Fundamentals of Civil Protection Search and Rescue Units (2000) • Regulations on Construction in Natural Disaster Prone Areas (2002)

5. III– Main Responsible Bodies For Disasters and Other Emergencies in Center A- General Directorate of Turkish Emergency Management (Prime Ministry) B- General Directorate of Civil Defence (Ministry of Interior) C- General Directorate of Disaster Affairs (Ministry of Settlement and Public Works) D- Turkish Red Crescent Society

6. Emergency Management General Directorate of Prime Ministry It has been established after the major earthquakes of August 17th and November 12th of 1999. Tasks: I. Establish and coordinate emergency management centers in government departments and agencies II.Monitor and evaluate implementation of measures and preparation of short-& long-term plans III.Coordinate the utilization of all types of land, sea and air transportvehicles and rescue/relief equipment

7. GeneralDirectorateof Civil Defence The General Directorate of Civil Defence was established within the Ministry of Interior as an one of the main units. • Tasks: • I. Fulfill civil defence functions through provincial and district Civil Defence Directorates & civil defence experts within public & private institutions • II. Set up civil protection and defence services nationwide andto ensure the planning, implementation,coordination and supervision of measures in government and private establishments • Plan and implement all activities for non-armedprotection,emergency assistance and first aid • Set standards for fire departments, educate their staff, supervise and coordinate them for fire protection and prevention • Train civil defence personnel and create public awareness

8. General Directorate of Disaster Relief Affairs This organisation goes on its function under the frame of the Ministry of Public Works and Settlement. Tasks: I. Implement & coordinate emergency relief operations after disasters II. Implement short- & long-term measures for immediate temporary sheltering III.Determine disaster prone areas and take necessary mitigation measures IV. Determine and ensure implementation of all measuresand principles to ensure minimum loss of life and assets in disaster prone areas

9. Turkish Red Crescent Organisation (NGO) In cooperation with the relevant Institutions this non-govermental institution can be counted down as follows: I. Organizeshumanitarian relief (food, clothes, blankets, tentsetc.)and providestemporary accommodationand other urgent needs ofvictims II. Assists in the delivery of national and international assistance(including medical teams & equipment, blood/blood products andtheir storage & distribution)

10. IV-The Present Crisis Management System A) Central Crisis Management a) Prime Ministry Crisis Management Center Prime Ministry Crisis Management Center was established in 1997 to showactivity during the crisis time. The centre is combined ministers and all chief representatives of relevant ministries and it is responsible for directing all preparations and activities needed to prevent, mitigate, and stop all issues that arise during crisis for national interests. For the implementation of services and activities needed, it ensures all coordination, cooperation and common activityamong the General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces, relevant ministries and other associated institutions in order to minimize the negative consequences of the crisis.

11. Prime ministry crisis management center consists of the following sections. These are ; • The crisis coordination council, • The crisis evaluation and follow – up council, • The secretariat.

12. Prime Ministry or Related Ministry of State General Staff of Turkish Armed Forces Ministry of Health Ministry of State Ministry of Transportation Ministry of Justice Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Defense Ministry of Social Security and Work Ministry of Interior Ministry of Industry and Trade Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ministry of Energy and Natural Sources Ministry of Finance Ministry of Environment and Forest Ministry of Education General Secretariat of National Security Council Ministry of Public Works and Settlement

13. b) Crisis Management Centers of Related Ministries Crisis Centers of the Ministries, Public Institutions, and Organizations are also established with the leadership of the senior-level staff. Centers are responsible for coordination, implementation and administration of the operational tasks of the relevant ministries, public institutions, and organizations.

14. B) Provincial Crisis Management The Governor, who is the general administrator of the province is also the head of the Provincial Crisis Management. He is responsible for all the activities during any type of disasters and crisis. He is representatives of the government in the provinces or districts. In the name of government he can coll for all the public and private enterprises and military units if needed.

15. B- Provincial Crisis Management Center Governor or Deputy Governor Commander of Garrison Director of Healthy Mayor Director of Agriculture Commander of Gendarme Director of Environment and Forest Director of Rural Affairs Police Chief Director of Civil Defense Director of Electricity Corporation Director of Finance Director of Water Supplies Director of Education Director of Telecommunication Director of Public Works and Settlement Director of Highway

16. General Directorate of Emergency Management Prime Ministry Crisis Management Center National & International Sources PRIME MINISTRY Relevant Ministries and General Staff HQ Crisis Centers at Regional Directorates of Ministries Provincial Garrison Commands Crisis Centers at Crisis Centers at Regional Crisis Management Center Lower Units of Regional Directorates Town Garrison Commands Crisis Centers at Crisis Centers at CrisisArea THE PRESENT EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT CHART

17. V- The Organisation of the General Directorate of Civil Defence The General Directorate of Civil Defence is one of the main units of the Ministry of Interior. It functions according to act 7126 passed in 1959. The Ministry of Interior in Turkey is responsible of the realization of civil defence services. The General Directorate of Civil Defence has been carrying out these services under the authority of the Ministry of Interior. The Turkish Civil Defence Organisation is a civilian establishment that performs the duties of search and rescue, first aid and other moral services behind the front.

18. ORGANISATION OF GDCD • GDCD consists of • Central Organisation • Provincial Organisation

19. CENTRALORGANISATION Planning and Assessment Committee GENERAL DIRECTOR DEPUTIES OF GENERAL DIRECTOR SEARCH, RESCUE AND OPERATION DIVISION PLANNING AND TECHNICAL DIVISION ORGANISATION AND EDUCATION DIVISION EQUIPMEND AND FINANCIAL DIVISION DEFENSE SECRETARY DIVISION DEFENSE SECTION FUND SECTION ORGANISATION AND EDUCATION SECTION PLANNING AND COORDINATION SECTION DISASTER AND FIRE AFFAIRS SECTION MOBILISATION SECTION BUDGET SECTION PERSONNEL SECTION OPERATION AND UNITS SECTION WARNING AND DETECTION SECTION EQUIPMENT AND FINANCIAL SECTION PROTECTIVE SECURITY SECTION PUBLICATION AND PROMOTION SECTION PROCESSING AND COMMUNICATION SECTION TECHNICAL SECTION ADMINISTRATION SERVICES SECTION NATO AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS SECTION LEGISLATION AND INSPECTION SECTION CIVIL DEFENSE COLLEGE

20. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Interior DIRECTORATES OF PROVINCIAL CIVIL DEFENSE Civil Defense Search And Rescue Teams ADANA CIVIL DEFENSE LOCAL FORCES DIRECTORATES DISTRICT CIVIL DEFENSE AFYON ANKARA BURSA Province and District Civil DefenceOrganisation and Protection Guidance Emergency Rescue And Relief Teams Civil Defense Organizations Of Public and Private Bodies And Institutions DİYARBAKIR ERZURUM İSTANBUL CIVIL DEFENSE SERVICES İZMİR CIVIL DEFENCE ASSISTANT SERVICES SAKARYA SAMSUN PROTECTION GUIDANCE VAN PROVINCIAL ORGANISATION GOVERNOR OF PROVINCE CIVIL DEFENSE SEARCH ANDRESCUE UNITS

21. VI- Civil Defence College • Established in1960 in Ankara • Only education and training institution which provides specialized training • Trains the civil defence staff, fire fighter trainers and general population trainers • The main training fields are: civil defence, NBC, search and rescue, fire disaster risks and protection methods, planning of mobilization and war situation

22. VII-The Re-structuring Works Disaster Response Before 1999 Earthquakes The disasters were responded by: a) provincial emergency assistance and rescue teams b) limited personnel dispatched from the HQ of Ministry c) the conscripts who were called for duty by the provincial governors if deemed necessary

23. Lessons Learned • Dead : 18.243 Injured : 48.900 Collepse building: 377.879 • The number of the provincial teams were insufficient, • The conscripts coming from other provinces were not able to gather on time, were reluctant, were not in sufficient numbers and lacked technical support , • Theconscripts in the disaster area became victims themselves, • The participation of volunteersto the civil defence services were insufficient. • Therefore, the system didn’t work well. • The affecting huge areas and striking the most richest region of Turkey as economically the Marmara Earthquake has showed the lack of the existence structure and so the necessity of the restructuring.

24. These experiences gained indicated that response todisasters requires: • Properly equipped and trained professional teams • Planned and coordinated cooperation with volunteer teams • Preparedness for initial response at community level • d) Increase number of units & technical assets • e) Increase speed of mobilization and movement of units from outside the area • It proved that the activities of search and rescue in disasters have to be performed by the professional equipped teams.

25. VIII. Professional Search and Rescue Units and Teams The various changes were done by different regulations. Units and teams were established According to Act 586 in 1999. Civil Defense Search and Rescue units were built in 11 Province and each units is responsible between 5 – 10 provinces in their area in 2001. Other Civil Defense Search and Rescue teams 10–30 technicians in 70 Provinces were established as well. Each unit consists of 120 search and rescue technicians.

26. Civil Defence Search and Rescue Unit Campuses • Headquarters (Offices and social facilities), • Maintenance facilities, • Stores and fitness centre, • The training centre for dogs, • Field training and tribune, • Rescue pool, • Helicopter port, • Fuel station, • Trafo and generator building.

27. Training Facilities and Activities • Simulation centre with 3-D shaking table • Fire training centre for fire fighters • Rubble training field for SAR personnel and volunteers • Search dog trainings • Trainings to officers from governmental organisations, NGOs and students

28. Simulation center for 120 personswas built in Ankara in 2003. That can be moved three-dimension and will be able to test the earthquakes in the variety magnitude. FIRE TOWER and FULL DAMAGED and COLLAPSED BUILDING SIMULATION CENTER 3-D SHAKING TABLE

29. IX- Volunteer Guidance and Cooperation Procedure Following 1999 earthquakes the sensitivity of Turkish society has increased dramatically and more than 100 SAR teams were established by volunteer groups nationwide. Thousands of citizens applied to be trained as responders by the Civil Defense. “The Guidance relating Procedures of the Participating in the Civil Defence Services of Volunteers” were put into effect in May 2000 The aim of this Guidance is to enable and regulate the participation of volunteer citizens and citizen groups into civil defense services, It defines and regulates the mutual responsibilities of volunteers and the Civil Defence organisation.

30. Voluntary organisations that participate in the civil defence services should sign the protocol; • With General Directorate of Civil Defence if they have been organised more than one province, • With the Directorates of Province Civil Defence, if they have been organised in one province, • With the Directorates of District Civil Defence, if they have been organised in one district.

31. Number of organisations joined at nationwide level : 17 Number of organisations joined at provincial levels : 94

32. Training subjects in this Guidance are: • Search and Rescue, First aid. • Social assistance • Using the light rescue equipments • Fire extinguishing • Removing the debris • NBC determination and decontamination • Working in the field by participating in the exercises • Training of search dogs

33. Working Together with The Volunteer Organisations Common activities with volunteer organisations are as follows; Turkey Abroad I. 1995 Afyon-Dinar Earthquake I. 2001 El Salvador II. 1998 Adana-Ceyhan Earthquake II. 2001 India III. 1999 Marmara Earthquake III. 2003 Algeria IV. 1999 Bolu-Düzce Earthquake IV. 2003 Iran V. 2002 Afyon-Sultandağ Earthquake V. 2005 Pakistan VI. 2003 Bingöl Earthquake Mobilisation and deployment of volunteers to disaster areas are coordinated by local civil defence organisations It is a rule of this Guidance that volunteer organisations should work with the cooperation of the Civil Defence Professionals while working together.

34. X. POSSIBILITIES FOR COOPERATION WITH THE EU AND EU MEMBER COUNTRIES Existing Relations; General Directorate of Civil Defence of Ministry of Interior is a focal point for MIC. Since 2000, It has participated in the meetings of General Directors of EU, EEA and Candidate Countries. Our Ministry consider to sign MoU with EU to join Civil Protection Mechanism.

35. Our Organisation takes part in the Steering Committee of EUROMED Bridge Programme. Representatives of our organisation and other related institutions have actively participated in self-training workshops, exchange of experts programmes and exercises organised within this Project. In this framework of this Project, GDCD organised a workshop on “Urban Risk Management” in İstanbul in 2006. Also we will host “the Second Meeting Directors of National Civil Protection/ Civil Defence School” to be held in İstanbul on March, 17-18, 2008.

36. GDCC joined in the Project on “Promotion of volunteer in civil protection in the EU Member States and EEA Countries on the basis of the recommendation of common standars” carried out by THW. It is also taking part at the moment in the Project on “Assessment manual of best practices in various types of emergencies” carried out THW and French Civil Defence and Security Directorate. Turkey and Greece signed the Protocol on The Formation of a Joint Hellenic-Turkish Standby Disaster Response Unit to improve cooperation and response to disaster jointly. In order to implement this Protocol a joint exercise was conducted successfuly in Ankara in December 2006.

37. Cooperation Areas for the future; Turkey has much experiences with natural disasters. Lessons learned showed that disaster management can only be achieved by strong institutional structuring, early warning systems, knowledge sharing, improving of operational capacity, risk reduction efforts and enhancing the educational and awareness capacity.

38. Turkey has reviewed and renewed her understanding of civil protection. Because our organisation intends to join EU Civil Protection Mechanism and aims at increasing its capacity to higher level, it opens especially the following cooperation areas: • Early Warning • Information exchange on EU civil protection arrangements and activities • Participation in EU projects and other activities (administrative and financial procedures-how to prepare and run/participate a Project or other activities • Operational capacity (receiving international assistance, participation in international civil protection interventions

39. THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION Presented by Ahmet Hamdi USTA Deputy General Director General Directorate of Civil Defence TURKEY