setting

1. setting Where and when a story takes place

2. plot • The events that happen in a story

3. Answers --who, what, where, and when exposition At the beginning of the story; provides background information about characters and setting

4. exciting force The event that gets the action of the story going; the event that gets the story moving

5. Rising action • The series of conflicts (struggles) that build the story to its climax

6. climax The high point, or turning point, in a story

7. Falling action • Occurs after the climax; minor conflicts are solved

8. A Royal Resolution The final outcome in a story; the end result

9. Plot Diagram Climax Falling Action Rising Action Resolution Exciting Force Exposition

10. Conflict A struggle (problem) between two forces

11. Internal conflict • A struggle with a character’s mind between needs, desires, or emotions

12. External conflict • A character struggles with an outside force (nature, another character, society, etc.

13. Types of conflict Man vs. man Man vs. self Man vs. society Man vs. nonhuman (nature, supernatural, beast, fate, etc.)

14. Characters

15. protagonist • The main character in a story; the character you are rooting for

16. antagonist • The character or force opposing the main character

17. Dynamic Character • A character who changes over the course of a story After Before

18. Static character A character who remains the same over the course of a story

19. Flat character • Has only one or two traits

20. Round Character Has many different character traits

21. The grass isn’t always greener on the other side You can overcome your past Theme A story’s message about life; The moral of a story Never underestimate your opponent Be careful what you wish for

22. Symbol A person, place, thing, or idea that stands for itself as well as something beyond itself

23. Foreshadowing • The use of clues to hint at events that will happen later in a story

24. flashback A scene that interrupts the present action to replay something that happened at an earlier time

25. Suspense Anxiety the reader feels about what is going to happen in a story

26. Mood • A story’s atmosphere or feeling it evokes

27. Dramatic irony Don’t open the door! • When the audience knows something important that a character does not know

28. Situational irony When there is a contradiction between what we expect to happen and what really does take place

29. Verbal Irony • When a writer or speaker says one thing but really means something completely different “Wow, that outfit looks great on you.”

30. Angry Serious Tone Sarcastic The attitude the writer takes toward a subject or character Humorous Sympathetic

31. Surprise ending Resolves a story’s conflicts in an unexpected way

32. Ambiguous ending An uncertain ending; an ending that can be interpreted in a number of different ways

33. Unreliable narrator May not always know the truth or may purposely choose to deceive us

34. Point of view • Perspective from which a writer tells the story

35. The “I” narrator First Person P.O.V. One of the characters is telling the story, using the pronoun “I”

36. Limited Third Person P.O.V. • The narrator, who plays no part in the story, zooms in on the thoughts and feelings of one character

37. The “all-knowing” point of view Omniscient P.O.V. The person telling the story knows everything there is to know about the characters: their thoughts, actions, problems, etc.

38. characterization How an author reveals the personality of a character in a story

39. “Jim and Della were foolish.” Four types of characterization What a character himself says, thinks, does, feels Physical description of a character What other characters say, think, or feel Narrator’s direct comments