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Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520

Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520. Chapter 1. 5 Word Prediction. Arrange the five words below to create a sentence or two that outlines the Asian migration to America. Artifacts Land Bridge Theory Nomads Radio carbon dating Ice Age. The Migration to America.

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Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520

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  1. Converging CulturesPrehistory to 1520 Chapter 1

  2. 5 Word Prediction Arrange the five words below to create a sentence or two that outlines the Asian migration to America. Artifacts Land Bridge Theory Nomads Radio carbon dating Ice Age

  3. The Migration to America Chapter 1 Section 1

  4. The Asian Migration to America • When the first Americans appeared remains a hotly debated question. • Using DNA, scientist have concluded the earliest Americans probably came from Asia. • Radiocarbon dating- determines how old objects are. • Nomads in search of food likely came to America across a land bridge that connected Asia to Alaska

  5. Homework Read pg. 18-19 in your textbook, “Land Bridge to America”. Choose 1 of the routes to America discussed in the reading to conduct further research on and provide the following information:

  6. Bell Ringer: Is Geography Destiny?

  7. Brainstorming Main Ideas What must be present in order for a civilization to exist? Which characteristic is the most important? Has this changed for our society and culture? Why? Why do some civilizations fail?

  8. Early Civilizations of Mesoamerica • Civilizations began to develop as cultures shifted from nomadic hunters to agriculture. • Pumpkins, squash, and MAIZE • The Olmec civilization is believed to be the oldest emerging between 1500-1200 B.C. • Sophisticated society with large villages and temples.

  9. The Mayans Olmec ideas spread, influencing other people. The Mayan culture emerged in the Yucatan peninsula around 200 A.D. Known for their mathematics and engineering skills. Fragmented society led to their downfall.

  10. Early Civilizations of Mesoamerica Toltec Master architects known for their use of gold and copper for art and jewelry. Fell to invaders about 1200 A.D.

  11. Early Civilizations of Mesoamerica Aztec, formerly known as the Mexica Thought to have originated from the American southwest. Established the city of Tenochtitlan, present day Mexico City. Used military power to create a mighty empire. Ruled through a sophisticated tribute system

  12. North American Cultures • Anthropologists believe that the agricultural technology of Mesoamerica spread into the American Southwest and up the Miss. River. • Hohokam • Built a civilization in what is now south-central Arizona from about 300-1300s. • Created an elaborate system of irrigation canals.

  13. North American Cultures Anasazi Adena Between 700 and 900 Present day Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and NM Lived in pueblos Mound-building culture. Originated in the Ohio River Valley and spread to New England Region. Lasted from 1000 B.C. to A.D. 200

  14. North American Cultures Mississippian Culture Maize played a vital role in their rise along the Miss. R. Valley. Cahokia Mississippian culture spread along the Missouri, Ohio, Red, and Arkansas Rivers

  15. Native American Cultures Chapter 1 Section 2

  16. Native American Cultures

  17. Mapping Early Americans Task: Create a map that shows the early Native American settlements in North America. You will make a legend for your map that identifies agricultural, economic, or cultural forces that were in effect in each civilization.

  18. Early Americans Procedures: • Read Ch. 1 Sec. 2 (pgs. 20-24) • Determine the location of each civilization and whether each civilization was based on hunting, farming, or a combination of both. • Design a legend that will convey the information. • Should use colors, symbols, etc.

  19. African Cultures Chapter 1 Section 3

  20. West Africa • Between 400s and 1500s, three great empires-Ghana, Mali, and Songhai-rose and fell. • Gold and salt trade • Use of camels and the est. of long distance trade routes • Spread of Islam • Followers called Muslims

  21. West African Empires

  22. The Forest Kingdoms of Guinea • Guinea, located in West Africa’s southern coast, had small states and kingdoms because the area was made up of very dense forest. • The Yoruba people of Ife and the Edo people of Benin were hunters, farmers, and traders. • Traded surplus food for salt and other goods

  23. Central and Southern Africa The people of Central and Southern Africa fished, grew wheat, and raised livestock. Many were matrilineal, lineage or descent was traced through mothers. Kingdom of the Kongo

  24. Slavery • Slavery existed in African society • Most were captured in war. • Most were sold back or absorbed into their new African society but slavery changed when Arabs began to trade for enslaved Africans. • Slaves were acquired to clear land and mine gold. • Europeans used enslaved workers starting in the 1400s to work on sugar plantations off the west coast of Africa.

  25. European Cultures Chapter 1 section 4

  26. Main Idea: The fall of the Roman Empire fragmented Europe. Between 1100 and 1400, several developments helped reunify parts of Europe and encouraged new explorations.

  27. European Society • Europeans were stuck in the Middle Ages, period lasting roughly 500-1400. • Trade declined, cities, bridges, and roads fell into disrepair. Money was in short supply and lawlessness ruled. • The Crusades, which began in 1095, helped get western Europe out of centuries of isolation and encouraged exploration. • Feudalism and manorialism developed • Peasants and serfs agreed to various services for nobles in return for protection.

  28. European Society • Inventions led to an improved economy through revived trade. • The Church promoted stability and order through its own laws and penalties for disobedience.

  29. Expanding Horizons/European Exploration Causes Effects The crusades led to an in interest for luxury items. Monarchs wanted gold to their rule. The Renaissance promoted a scientific view of the world. New technology Exchange of goods and ideas. Spread of European disease. Increased involvement in African slave trade.

  30. New Technologies The astrolabe used the sun’s position to determine direction, latitude, and local time. The compass The caravel was a ship that allowed explorers to sail long distances in a shorter time.

  31. Portuguese Exploration • Prince Henry of Portugal (Henry the Navigator) • Est. an astronomical and geographical center. • Bartolomeu Dias • Reached the southern tip of Africa, Cape of Good Hope. • Vasco de Gama • Sailed around Africa to India’s southwest coast.

  32. Europe Encounters America Chapter 1 section5

  33. The Vikings Arrive in America • Strong archaeological evidence suggest that the Vikings were the first Europeans to come to America. • Around A.D. 1000, Leif Ericsson explored Labrador and maybe Newfoundland. • Early attempts at settlements failed because: • Native Americans opposed them • Outnumbered • Inferior weapons

  34. Spain Sends Columbus West Ptolemy’s Geography, maps rediscovered. Italian navigator believed he could find a trade route from Spain to India. Applies unsuccessfully to Portugal for financial backing. After six years, Columbus finally convinced King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain he would bring them wealth, empire, and converts to Catholicism.

  35. The First Voyage

  36. Later Voyages

  37. Spain Claims America Treaty of Tordesillas Granted Portugal everything east of the Line of Demarcation, an imaginary north-to-south line running down the middle of the Atlantic, and gave everything west of the line to Spain.

  38. Continuing Spanish Expeditions • Juan Ponce de Leon • Discovered “land of flowers” known as Florida • Vasco de Balboa • Became the first European to see the Pacific coast • Ferdinand Magellan • His crew became the first to circumnavigate the globe

  39. Columbian Exchange The Columbian Exchange was a series of societal and environmental between Europe and the Americas.

  40. Study Guide • Reviewing Key Terms, pg 46 • Identify the following: • Native American • Olmec, Aztec, Hohokam, Mississippian, Iroquios • African • Soninke, Mansa Musa, Edo, Peoples of Central and South Africa, Akan • European • Pope Urban II, Portuguese, Prince Henry the Navigator, Leif Ericsson, Christopher Columbus

  41. Study Guide Reviewing Key Facts, pg. 46 Answer questions 29 – 36 in complete sentences. Power Point will be posted to the website tonight!!! Be sure to review prior to the test TOMORROW

  42. Homework Who were the Americas named for? Who was he? Why was America named after him instead of Columbus or other explorers?

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