Physical Computing

1. Physical Computing Introduction to ELECTRONICS“Transducer” INST. Kerem Odabaşı - YTU - Interactive Telecomunication Design Dept.

2. Introduction to Digital World Digitus (latin) = Finger INST. Kerem Odabaşı - YTU - Interactive Telecomunication Design Dept.

3. Electronics deals with the controlled flow of electrons • The ability to control electron flow is usually applied to information handling or device control. INST. Kerem Odabaşı - YTU - Interactive Telecomunication Design Dept.

4. Electricity phenomena resulting from the Presence and flow of electric charge • deals with the generation, distribution, control and application of electrical power INST. Kerem Odabaşı - YTU - Interactive Telecomunication Design Dept.

5. Electric potential INST. Kerem Odabaşı - YTU - Interactive Telecomunication Design Dept.

6. Electric current a flow of electriccharge unit for rate of flow of electric charge is the ampere.conductive metal  INST. Kerem Odabaşı - YTU - Interactive Telecomunication Design Dept.

7. Electric ~ Trafic INST. Kerem Odabaşı - YTU - Interactive Telecomunication Design Dept.

8. Electric Components INST. Kerem Odabaşı - YTU - Interactive Telecomunication Design Dept.

9. Wires carry  electricity and  telecommunications signals INST. Kerem Odabaşı - YTU - Interactive Telecomunication Design Dept.

10. Switch (anahtar) electrical component  that can break an electrical circuit INST. Kerem Odabaşı - YTU - Interactive Telecomunication Design Dept.

11. Resistors (direnç) produces a voltage across itsterminals that is proportional to the electric current V = IR INST. Kerem Odabaşı - YTU - Interactive Telecomunication Design Dept.

12. Potentiometer ? three-terminal resistor with a sliding contact that forms an adjustable voltage divider INST. Kerem Odabaşı - YTU - Interactive Telecomunication Design Dept.

13. Diode (diyot) allow an electric current in one direction and to block the current in the opposite direction INST. Kerem Odabaşı - YTU - Interactive Telecomunication Design Dept.

14. Light Emiting Diode(LED)  electronic light source lower energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved robustness, smaller size and faster switching INST. Kerem Odabaşı - YTU - Interactive Telecomunication Design Dept.

15. Circuit a closed path or paths formed by the interconnection of  electronic components through which an electric current can flow INST. Kerem Odabaşı - YTU - Interactive Telecomunication Design Dept.

16. Breadboard Resistor Value INST. Kerem Odabaşı - YTU - Interactive Telecomunication Design Dept.

17. Transducers • A transducer is a device that converts one type of energy to another. • Transducers may be categorized by application: Sensor, actuator, or combination. INST. Kerem Odabaşı - YTU - Interactive Telecomunication Design Dept.

18. Sensors • A sensor is a device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an instrument.  • Acoustic, sound, vibration • Automotive, transportation • Chemical • Electric current, electric potential • magnetic, radio • Environment, weather, humidity • Flow, fluid velocity • Radiation, subatomic particles • Navigation instruments • Position, angle, displacement • distance, speed, acceleration • Optical, light, imaging • Pressure • Force, density, level • Thermal, heat, temperature • Proximity, presence INST. Kerem Odabaşı - YTU - Interactive Telecomunication Design Dept.

19. Acoustic, sound, vibration Geophone Hydrophone Lace Sensor a guitar pickup Microphone Seismometer Accelerometer Automotive, transportation Air-fuel ratio meter Crank sensor Curb feeler, used to warn driver of curbs Defect detector, used on railroads to detect axle and signal problems in passing trains MAP sensor Parking sensors, used to alert the driver of unseen obstacles during parking manoeuvres Radar gun, used to detect the speed of other objects Speedometer, used measure the instantaneous speed of a land vehicle Speed sensor, used to detect the speed of an object Throttle position sensor, used to monitor the position of the throttle in an internal combustion engine Variable reluctance sensor, used to measure position and speed of moving metal components Water sensor or water-in-fuel sensor, used to indicate the presence of water in fuel Wheel speed sensor, used for reading the speed of a vehicle's wheel rotatio INST. Kerem Odabaşı - YTU - Interactive Telecomunication Design Dept.

20. Position, angle, displacementDistance, speed, acceleration Accelerometer Capacitive displacement sensor Free fall sensor Inclinometer Laser rangefinder Linear encoder Linear variable differential transformer Liquid capacitive inclinometers Odometer Piezoelectric accelerometer Position sensor Rotary encoder Rotary variable differential transformer Selsyn Sudden Motion Sensor Tilt sensor Tachometer Ultrasonic thickness gauge Optical, light, imaging Charge-coupled device Colorimeter Contact image sensor Electro-optical sensor Flame detector Infra-red sensor LED as light sensor Nichols radiometer Fiber optic sensors Photodetector Photodiode Photomultiplier tubes Phototransistor Photoelectric sensor Photoionization detector Photomultiplier Photoresistor Photoswitch Phototube Proximity sensor Scintillometer Shack-Hartmann Wavefront sensor INST. Kerem Odabaşı - YTU - Interactive Telecomunication Design Dept.

21. What Can Be Sensed? • Light • Presence, color, intensity, content, direction • Sound • Presence, frequency, intensity, content , direction • Heat • Temperature, wavelength, magnitude, direction • Chemicals • Presence, concentration, identity, etc. • Object Proximity • Presence/absence, distance, bearing, color, etc. • Physical orientation/attitude/position • Magnitude, pitch, roll, yaw, coordinates, etc. INST. Kerem Odabaşı - YTU - Interactive Telecomunication Design Dept.

22. INST. Kerem Odabaşı - YTU - Interactive Telecomunication Design Dept.

23. Button-Switchs INST. Kerem Odabaşı - YTU - Interactive Telecomunication Design Dept.

24. Potentiometers Slide Potentiometer SoftPot Membrane Potentiometer Rotary Potentiometer INST. Kerem Odabaşı - YTU - Interactive Telecomunication Design Dept.

25. Light Color light sensor Photocell CMOS Camera IR Camera IR Photo Transistor INST. Kerem Odabaşı - YTU - Interactive Telecomunication Design Dept.

26. Infra Red Infrared Emitters and Detectors Photo Interrupter  Description: This sensor is composed of an infrared emitter on one upright and a shielded infrared detector on the other. By emitting a beam of infrared light from one upright to the other, the sensor can detect when an object passes between the uprights, breaking the beam. Used for many applications including optical limit switches, pellet dispensing, general object detection, etc. Gap width = 10mm Infrared Proximity Sensor Description: Infrared proximity sensor made by Sharp. Part # GP2Y0A21YK has an analog output that varies from 3.1V at 10cm to 0.4V at 80cm. The sensor has a Japanese Solderless Terminal (JST) Connector. We recommend purchasing the related pigtail below or soldering wires directly to the back of the module. INST. Kerem Odabaşı - YTU - Interactive Telecomunication Design Dept.

27. Proximity ePIR • Features: • fully functional motion detection • based motion detection algorithms • 2.7-3.6VDC operating voltage • Typical current draw: 8.9mA • Wide 5 x 5m, 60 degree detection pattern • Simple hardware or advanced serial • Adjustable sensitivity, delay and • ambient light threshold Ultrasonic Range Finder PIR Motion Sensor • Features: • 42kHz Ultrasonic sensor • Operates from 2.5-5.5V • Low 2mA supply current • 20Hz reading rate • RS232 Serial Output - 9600bps • Analog Output - 10mV/inch • PWM Output - 147uS/inch • Small, light weight module Red wire is power (5 to 12V). Brown wire is GND. Black wire is open collector Alarm.This unit works great from 5 to 12V (datasheet shows 12V). You can also install a jumper wire past the 5V regulator on board to make this unit work at 3.3V. Sensor uses 1.6mA@3.3V. INST. Kerem Odabaşı - YTU - Interactive Telecomunication Design Dept.

28. Magnetic 3-Axis Magnetometer • Description:PNI Corp's 3-axis magnetometer. Ready for the big time? Low noise, large resolution magnetic field sensing all packed into a user-friendly DIP module at your disposal. Stable over a wide temperature range, the MicroMag3 is a must have for orientation sensing and navigation. • Features: • 500uA @ 3.3V DC • Field measurement range +/-1100uT • Resolution as low as 0.015uT • SPI interface - no additional circuitry needed Compass Module Hall Effect Sensor • Features: • Simple I2C interface  • 2.7 to 5.2V supply range • 1 to 20Hz selectable update rate • True drop-in solution • 0.5 degree heading resolution • 1 degree repeatability • Supply current : 1mA @ 3V Description: The US1881 is an integrated Hall effect latched sensor. That's nice but what does it do? Holding a magnet near the sensor will cause the output pin to toggle. This makes for a robust presence sensor. A reed sensor also works nicely, but can be limited by the glass encapsulation and size. A hall effect sensor is much smaller, but can handle less current than a reed switch. INST. Kerem Odabaşı - YTU - Interactive Telecomunication Design Dept.

29. Temperature Thermistor 10K Infrared Thermometer  Description: 10K thermistor with a negative temperature coefficient.  Good choice for temp-sensing aplications. Description: Melexis' MLX90614ESF-BAA is an infrared thermometer designed for non-contact temperature sensing. An internal 17-bit ADC and a powerful DSP contribute to the MLX90614's high accuracy and resolution. It has a huge number of applications including body temperature measurment and movement detection. Digital Temperature Sensor Description: This is a breakout board for the incredibly small TMP102 digital temperature sensor. The TMP102 is a digital sensor (I2C a.k.a. TWI), has a resolution of 0.0625°C, and is accurate up to 0.5°C. The sensor requires very low-current, and is loaded with features. INST. Kerem Odabaşı - YTU - Interactive Telecomunication Design Dept.

30. Weather Weather Meters Description: This is a simple weather station that includes an anemometer, wind vane, and rain gauge. Includes mounting hardware and RJ11 connections to the sensors. The anemometer uses a reed switch, so simple frequency detection can be used to measure wind speed. The wind vane uses a potentiometer to detect wind direction. The rain gauge acts as a switch that closes at measured increments. Please see the datasheet for more information. Barometric Pressure Sensor Description: The SCP1000-D01 is a great IC - now you can play with it! This is a simple breakout board bringing the SPI interface pins to a 0.1" header.Please note, we now stock the latest ASIC rev C (IC label 'D01').The SCP1000 is the very first absolute pressure sensor on the market to use MEMS technology to grant 17-bit resolution. Under ideal conditions, this sensor can detect the pressure difference within a 9cm column of air.  Humidity Sensor Description: This is a breakout board for Honeywell's HIH-4030 humidity sensor. The HIH-4030 measures relative humidity (%RH) and delivers it as an analog output voltage. You can connect the output of the sensor directly to an ADC on a microcontroller; and, thanks to the sensor's near linear voltage output, the data is very easy to process. INST. Kerem Odabaşı - YTU - Interactive Telecomunication Design Dept.

31. Biometrics Polar Heart Rate Module Description: This is a OEM module for the Polar Heart Rate system. This device works with any Polar heart rate strap to pickup the electromagnetic pulse and output a 1ms pulse indicating a heart beat has occurred. Embed a heart ratereading into your next project! Fingerprint Scanner Alcohol Gas Sensor Description: The Nitgen RS232 serial fingerprint scanner is a powerful ADSP-BF531 Blackfin based system. This scanner is capable of gathering and storing unique finger prints. Simply hold your finger on the optical scanner, query the device over serial, and you will be issued a unique ID. Use that ID within your embedded system to determine access levels, time clocks, door locks, etc. Description: This alcohol sensor is suitable for detecting alcohol concentration on your breath, just like your common breathalyzer. It has a high sensitivity and fast response time. Sensor provides an analog resistive output based on alcohol concentration. The drive circuit is very simple, all it needs is one resistor. A simple interface could be a 0-3.3V ADC.  INST. Kerem Odabaşı - YTU - Interactive Telecomunication Design Dept.