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WELCOME TO THE 2nd SEMESTER

Keep all your notes, worksheets, and more in this dedicated science notebook for Earth Science. Your notebook will be graded and worth 30% of your overall grade.

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WELCOME TO THE 2nd SEMESTER

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  1. WELCOME TO THE 2nd SEMESTER

  2. OLD STUFF IN A NEW WAY

  3. NEW NOTEBOOK

  4. YOU WILL NEED A NOTEBOOK THAT WILL BE FOR SCIENCE ONLY • In your new notebook you will keep all your notes, worksheets so forth. • You will date each day’s work and use the same sheet of paper for all that days work.

  5. In your new notebook you will keep all your notes, worksheets so forth. • Notes will be checked and worksheets will be checked. • You will date each day’s work and use the same sheet of paper for all that days work. • Your notebook will be a notebook grade which will be worth 30% of your grade. • Failure to keep up with your notes will hurt your grade.

  6. Notes and worksheets will be checked. • Your notebook will be a notebook grade which will be worth 30% of your grade. • Failure to keep up with your notes will hurt your grade

  7. The World of Earth Science • Section 1: Branches of Earth Science • Section 2: Scientific Methods in Earth Science • Section 3: Scientific Models • Section 4: Measurement and Safety

  8. WHILE YOU READ ANSWER.. • What are the four major branches of Earth science? • What are some special branches of Earth science? • What are the steps used in scientific methods? • How is a hypothesis tested? • Why do scientists share their findings with others? • How do scientists use models? • What are three kinds of scientific models? • What is the SI? • How do scientists measure length, area, mass, volume, and temperature?

  9. STANDARDS • S6CS1.a Understand the importance of—and keep—honest, clear, and • accurate records in science. • S6CS1.b Understand that hypotheses are valuable if they lead to fruitful • investigations, even if the hypotheses turn out not to be completely accurate • descriptions. • S6CS3.d Draw conclusions based on analyzed data. • S6CS5.b Identify several different models (such as physical replicas, • pictures, and analogies) that could be used to represent the same thing, and • evaluate their usefulness, taking into account such things as the model’s • purpose and complexity.

  10. STANDARDS • S6CS7.b Recognize that there may be more than one way to interpret a • given set of findings. • S6CS8.c As prevailing theories are challenged by new information, scientific • knowledge may change and grow • S6CS9.a Scientific investigations are conducted for different reasons. They • usually involve collecting evidence, reasoning, devising hypotheses, and • formulating explanations. • S6CS9.c Accurate record keeping, data sharing, and replication of results • are essential for maintaining an investigator’s credibility with other scientists • and society. • S6CS9.d Scientists use technology and mathematics to enhance the • process of scientific inquiry.

  11. In your notebook dated today: 1. Read the following scenes 2. Number and copy the highlighted data 3. Then write what kind of Earth scientist is described in each scene. Be as specific as possible.

  12. Scene 1 In the desert of New Mexico, a woman studies the stars every night and records her observations. She notices a speck of light in the “Square Constellation” that she has never noticed before.

  13. Scene 2 A university professor is at Point Reyes National Seashore in California. He is measuring the depth of the tidal pools. As the day passes, the tidal pools get deeper.

  14. Scene 3 It is winter in Kalamazoo, Michigan. A reporter on TV is pointing to a satellite weather map. He predicts snow flurries across southern Michigan for the next two days.

  15. Scene 4 It is a cloudy day in the state of Washington. An experienced scientist is observing Lava Canyon on the volcano, Mount St. Helens. She notices that all the trees on the canyon floor are missing limbs near their bases.

  16. Match the branch of science with its description.

  17. The study of the universe • A scientist who studies fossils • The study of the surface features of the Earth 4. The study of the Earth’s atmosphere in relation to weather and climate 5. The study of the sea 6. The study of how humans interact with the environment 7. A scientist who studies earthquakes 8. A branch of Earth science that combines the studies of geology and chemistry 9. The study of the origin, history, and structure of the Earth

  18. The study of the universe Astronomy 2. A scientist who studies fossils Paleontologist 3. The study of the surface features of the Earth physical geography 4. The study of the Earth’s atmosphere in relation to weather and climate Meteorology 5. The study of the sea Oceanography 6. The study of how humans interact with the environment environmental science 7. A scientist who studies earthquakes Seismologist 8. A branch of Earth science that combines the studies of geology and chemistry Geochemistry 9. The study of the origin, history, and structure of the Earth Geology

  19. Write the question and the answer for each of the following

  20. 1. A possible explanation or answer to a question is a • fact. • law. • synopsis. • hypothesis 2. A series of steps scientists follow to solve problems are • scientific methods. • experiment guidelines. • investigation methods. d. standard procedures.

  21. 3. Scientists may do a controlled experiment to • ask a question. • test a hypothesis. • communicate results. d. simplify data. 4. Scientists begin to learn about the natural world by • summarizing research. • accepting investigation results. • forming expectations. d. asking questions.

  22. 5. Communicating the results of an investigation allows other scientists to • prove evidence. • change results • focus an investigation. • review evidence. 6. After analyzing results of their tests, scientists a. measure their evidence. b. immediately begin new investigations. c. form a new hypothesis. d. draw conclusions.

  23. 7. An investigation may continue after results are accepted if there is • new evidence. • outdated evidence. • a repeated question. • a closed case. 8. What order do the steps of a scientific method follow? • alphabetical order • chronological order • numerical order d. They do not follow a set order.

  24. 9. A controlled experiment tests • many variables at once. • one variable at a time. • complex data. d. conflicting data. 10. Scientists form a hypothesis when they • prove a theory. • analyze data. • investigate a question. d. change data

  25. a pattern, plan, representation, or description designed to help us understand the natural world • 2. a model made up of a system of ideas • 3. a model that can be touched and looks and acts like the real thing • 4. a model made up of mathematical equations and data • 5. an explanation that ties together many hypotheses and observations a. physical model b. theory c. mathematical model d. model e. conceptual model

  26. 6. Which of the following is NOT a way that models can be used in science? a. to replace real things in the natural world b. to explain or analyze something in detail c. to help explain theories d. to help us understand the natural world 7. What model is used to show objects that are too small or too large to see completely? • a physical model • a mathematical model • a conceptual modeld • a climate model

  27. 8. A climate model is an example of a • physical model. • mathematical model. • conceptual model. • global model. 9. The data in a climate model has • a large margin of error. • a small margin of error • few variables. d. many variables.

  28. 10. To learn from a model, a scientist must • measure the model. • choose the right model. • visualize the model. d. take apart the model.

  29. 1. the distance north or south from the equator 2. a representation of the earth’s surface 3. north, south, east, and west 4. the line of longitude used as the origin in a system of coordinates 5. the distance east and west from the prime meridian 6. the direction to the geographic North Pole 7. a fixed place from which direction and location can be described a. prime meridian b. true north c. latitude d. longitude e. map f. reference point g. cardinal directions

  30. 8. Which of the following places would NOT be useful as a reference point? • 123 Elm Street • Boise, Idaho • the mountains • Johnny’s Country Store 9. What is magnetic declination? a. the distance from the equator b. the difference between the magnetic north and the true north c. the same as 90º latitude d. when the needle of a compass points north

  31. 10. The prime meridian runs through which city? • Greenwich, England • New York City, NY • New Delhi, India d. Rome, Italy 11. Which of the following is a good example of a cylindrical projection? • a globe • a Mercator projection • an equal-area map d. a compass rose

  32. 1. a method that sends energy waves from a satellite to observe the Earth’s surface 2. a system of orbiting satellites used to pinpoint a location on Earth 3. a map made by moving the surface features of the globe onto a plane 4. a way to collect information about a place without being there 5. shows where true north is on a map 6. a map made by moving the surface features of the globe onto a cone a. azimuthal projection b. radar c. conic projection d. compass rose e. remote sensing f. GPS

  33. 7. Which of the following methods would be the best to use to map areas near the equator? • cylindrical projection • azimuthal projection • distortion d. conic projection 8. Which of the following is NOT a method of remote sensing? a. determining your distance from Chicago using GPS b. measuring the depth of the ocean by using sound waves from a ship c. measuring the length of a trail by hiking on it d. using a satellite to photograph a city 9. Which area of land would be the most distorted on a flat map? • a town • a continent • a small island d. a city park

  34. 15x26 • How long is the perimeter of the picnic area? • What is the total area of the picnic area? • How much area in the part has grass? • Estimate the area covered by the fountain not including the rectangular pool

  35. The Burnside family vegetable garden measures 4 m 3.5 m. A garden planning guide suggests mixing fertilizer with the soil to a depth of 25 cm. In cubic meters, what will be the total volume of fertilizer-soil mix in the garden?

  36. Lock B, which is the same width as Lock A, is 1.5 times as long and has a volume of 4488 m3. How deep is Lock B?

  37. Estimate the area covered by the fountain, not including the rectangular pool. Area of fountain total area of the pool visible area of the pool 54 m2 - 32 m2 about 20 m2

  38. 1. shows the surface features of the Earth 2. the height of an object above sea level 3. the difference in elevation between contour lines 4. variations in elevation of a land surface 5. a darker contour line, usually every fifth line 6. a summary of the symbols used on a map a. relief b. legend c. elevation d. topographic map e. contour interval f. index contour

  39. Chapter 3: Minerals of the Earth’s Crust • Section 1: What Is a Mineral? • Section 2: Identifying Minerals • Section 3: The Formation, Mining, and Use of Minerals

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