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Warm-up

Warm-up. How might the situation depicted here have caused anger and resentment on the part of the Germans?. After WWI, Germany had to pay off huge war debts while also dealing with poverty at home. Here children use German marks, worth less than a penny, as building blocks. World War II.

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Warm-up

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  1. Warm-up • How might the situation depicted here have caused anger and resentment on the part of the Germans? After WWI, Germany had to pay off huge war debts while also dealing with poverty at home. Here children use German marks, worth less than a penny, as building blocks.

  2. World War II The Road To War (1931~1941)

  3. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS • Why is it important to distinguish between historical facts and interpretations? • What kinds of sources offer the best insight into the causes, course, and effects of World War II?

  4. TIMELINE 1931 ~ Japan overruns Manchuria 1933 ~ Adolf Hitler is named Chancellor of Germany the same year that FDR is elected president of the United States.

  5. TIMELINE ~ continued 1934 – Stalin begins the great purge in the USSR 1934 – Chinese Communists flee in the long march. 1935 ~ Congress passes the first Neutrality Act. This bans the sale of arms to countries at war.

  6. TIMELINE • 1936 ~ Italy conquers Ethiopia Roosevelt is reelected. • 1938 ~ Chamberlain and Hitler meet at the Munich Conference.

  7. TIMELINE • 1939 ~ Invasion of Poland begins WWII • 1939 ~ Congress repeals the arms embargo • 1940 ~ Roosevelt sends 50 destroyers to Britain in exchange for military bases in the Western Hemisphere. • 1940 ~ Germany defeats France and attacks Britain by air. • 1941 ~ Roosevelt proposes lend-lease program to aid the Allies.

  8. TIMELINE • 1941 ~ Japan bombs Pearl Harbor and the U.S. enters the war.

  9. VOCABULARY • TOTALITARIAN • FASCISM • PURGE • NAZISM • AXIS POWERS • APPEASEMENT

  10. KEY PERSONALITIES • Adolph Hitler • Neville Chamberlain • Benito Mussolini • Franklin D. Roosevelt • Joseph Stalin • Winston Churchill • Mao Zedong • Harry S. Truman • Jiang Jieshi

  11. Best Supporting Actors • General Dwight D. Eisenhower • George Marshall • Albert Einstein

  12. TOTALITARIAN • Where the government exerts total control over a nation. • It dominates every facet of life. • Uses terror to suppress individual rights • Silences opposition

  13. TOTALITARIAN • Hitler acted as a totalitarian when he held the Nuremberg Party Rally. • 180,000 people gathered. • Lasted one week. • Nazi Party had political meetings, parades, and the Oath under the Cathedral of Light. • Hitler leads the audience in a “holy oath”

  14. The Faces of Totalitarianism (pg 531)

  15. FASCISM • A philosophy of governing style which emphasizes the importance of the nation or an ethnic group AND the supreme authority of the leader.

  16. FASCISM • Hitler and Mussolini were both fascists. • They relied on a strong, dictatorial government • Neither one of them respected individual rights and/or freedoms. • Historically, Fascists and Communists are fierce enemies, even though they both rely upon a strong, dictatorial government.

  17. BENITO MUSSOLINI • Italian middle class demanded strong leadership • Inflation and unemployment were high • Established the Fascist party • Preyed upon fear of economic collapse • Used NATIONALISM • Il Duce “the leader” • Black Shirts – his army • Anticommunist • Charismatic

  18. Il Duce “Italy wants peace, work, and calm. I will give these things with love if possible, with force if necessary.”

  19. STALIN • Focused on creating a Communist state • GOALS: Agricultural and Industrial growth • Economy – placed under state management • 1937 – The Soviet Union had become the world’s second largest industrial power. • Millions died from famine caused by this restructuring

  20. PURGE • A political term that means to remove enemies and undesirable people from power. • Stalin used purges to “purify” his Communist party. • The Great Purge began in 1934 with “show trials.” • The only possible verdict was GUILTY. • By 1939 his agents arrested 7 million people. • A million were executed • Several millions ended up in forced labor camps. • Most victims were innocent. • Purge successfully eliminated all threats to his power.

  21. NAZISM • A political party – Nazi Party. • A form of Fascism • In 1919 the Nazi party was small. • Otherwise known as the National Socialist German Workers’ Party • Party philosophy was shaped by Hitler’s fanatical ideas about German nationalism and racial superiority.

  22. ADOLF HITLER • Extreme nationalism • Forwarded racism – Aryans were a master race • Believed in private property with strong government control • Anticommunist • Der Fuhrer believed Germany needed lebensraum • 1932 – Nazi party was strongest

  23. Japanese Invade Manchuria

  24. MILITARISM IN JAPAN • Militarist leaders also believed in the need for living space • Japanese militarists seized Manchuria in 1931 • Province is rich in natural resources and is about twice the size of Texas • League of Nations investigated • Japan was condemned • Japan quits league

  25. FRANCO in Spain • Rebelled against the republic • 3,000 Americans formed up to fight against Franco in an attempt to stop fascism in 1936. • Soviet Union sent equipment and advised Hitler and Mussolini to support Franco. • Franco becomes Spain’s fascist dictator. • Cost of victory = 500,000 lives • The Axis is born

  26. LEAGUE of NATIONS • Condemned Japan, but did not take action • Hitler noticed this and pulled Germany out of the League • The League did not even stop Hitler when he violated the Treaty of Versailles. • Hitler had sent troops into the Rhineland. • Mussolini invades Ethiopia and the League launched an economic boycott

  27. THINK • NATIONALISM ~ What is it? Did you say……. Devotion to one’s nation??? Nationalism usually suggests that a nation’s people believe themselves, their ideals, and their goals to be superior to those of other nations. Are YOU a NATIONALIST???

  28. AXIS POWERS • In 1936 Germany’s Hitler signed an agreement with Italy’s Mussolini. • This agreement created what Mussolini called an “axis” between Rome and Berlin. • Germany and Italy, who were joined later by Japan, were known as the Axis Powers.

  29. SECTION TWO • WAR IN EUROPE

  30. VOCABULARY • BLITZKRIEG • COLLABORATION • RESISTANCE • ALLIES • APPEASEMENT • NONAGGRESSION PACT

  31. BLITZKRIEG • “Lightening Warfare” • Hitler unveiled this strategy during the invasion of Poland. • Involved a fast, concentrated air and land attack that took the enemy’s army by surprise. • Stuka (dive-bombing warplane), then the panzers, then the infantry. • Using this tactic the German troops overran Poland in less than a month.

  32. COLLABORATION • Close cooperation • General Petain had Vichy France adopt a policy of collaboration with Germany. • Vichy France – southern region of France that was the only place left unoccupied by the German army. • Vichy was a town that was both a vacation resort as well as the commanding headquarters for the French.

  33. ALLIES • The group of countries who opposed the Axis Powers. { Great Britain, United States, Soviet Union }

  34. APPEASEMENT • Giving in to a competitor’s demands. • Britain practiced a policy of appeasement in order to keep the peace. • Hitler demanded the Sudetenland ~ an industrial region of western Czechoslovakia with a heavily German population.

  35. NONAGGRESSION PACT • Signed by Stalin and Hitler • Promised never to attack each other • A second secret pact was signed whereas Hitler agreed to give the Soviet Union a portion of Poland.

  36. THE PHONY WAR • Once Poland fell, French and British troops sat on the Maginot Line • German troops sat on the Siegfried Line staring back a few miles away • Sitzkrieg • Hitler invades Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands in two months

  37. FALL OF FRANCE • Germans trapped 400,000 British and French soldiers at Dunkirk • A few days later, Italy entered the war and sided with Germany

  38. RESISTANCE • Consisted of groups of French citizens who distributed anti-German leaflets. • Led by Charles de Gaulle • Free France – a government in exile in London • Largely an underground movement

  39. BATTLE OF BRITAIN • The German Luftwaffe began bombing runs over Britain • 15 August 1940 – Hitler had 2,000 planes fly over Britain and run bombing raids for two straight months. • 185-26 • “Never in the field of human conflict, was so much owed so many by so few

  40. BATTLE OF BRITAIN • Why is this significant? Much of Europe had fallen to German and Soviet aggression. France, Britain’s chief ally, had surrendered to Germany. The British army had been forced to retreat from the continent. The outcome was crucial because Britain was the last powerful nation in Europe fighting against Germany. Britain’s victory led Hitler to call off the invasion of Britain indefinitely.

  41. End Section Two

  42. Thanks for playing!

  43. SECTION 3 Japan Builds an Empire • Food for Thought : Why did Japan look beyond China for future expansion?

  44. VOCABULARY • MANCHURIAN INCIDENT • PUPPET STATE • BURMA ROAD • GREATER EAST ASIA CO-PROSPERITY SPHERE

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