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Marine Invertebrates

Marine Invertebrates. Chapter 7. The Classification of Organisms. Prokaryotes. Eukaryotes. Kingdom Animalia. Kingdom Fungi. Kingdom Protista. Kingdom Plantae. Domain Bacteria. Domain Archaea. Domain Eukarya. Animal Kingdom. Characteristics of Animals: Eukaryotic

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Marine Invertebrates

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  1. Marine Invertebrates Chapter 7

  2. The Classification of Organisms Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Protista Kingdom Plantae Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya

  3. Animal Kingdom • Characteristics of Animals: • Eukaryotic • Multicellular • Heterotrophic • Reproduce sexually • Contain cells lacking a cell wall • Usually capable of movement at some stage in life

  4. Major Phyla of the Animal Kingdom

  5. Phylum Porifera • Structurally simplest animal • Do not form true tissues or organs • Mostly sessile – living attached to a surface • Variety of shapes, sizes, and colors • Simple body plan • Filter feed on plankton • Reproduce sexually by broadcast spawning • Some reproduce asexually when buds break off

  6. Sponge Anatomy http://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/Porifera.htm

  7. Sponge Anatomy

  8. Sponge Anatomy

  9. Sponge Feeding • Suspensions feeders – animals that eat food particles suspended in the water • Specifically, sponges are filter feeders, suspension feeders that actively filter the food particles

  10. http://www.mesa.edu.au/friends/seashores/sponges1.html Sponge filtering - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7E1rq7zHLc

  11. Sponge filtering - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7E1rq7zHLc

  12. Sponge Reproduction • Asexual (one parent) – when branches or buds break off, they will grow into separate sponges identical to the parent • Sexual (two parents) – sponges produce sex cells, gametes, nutrient rich eggs and sperm with flagellum • Broadcast spawning

  13. Body Plans • Sponges have three basic body plans: • Asconoid • Syconoid • Leuconoid

  14. Asconoid • Simplest form • A simple tube perforated by holes • Central cavity, spongocoel, lined with choanocytes http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/klaus_jost/00017869.jpg/view.html

  15. Syconoid • Large tubular body with a single osculum • Thicker body wall than asconoid • Longer pores that that form simple canals • Canals lined with choanocytes (not central spongocoel) http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/Grzimek_inverts/Hexactinellida/Euplectella_aspergillum.jpg/view.html http://eastchestereagles.wikispaces.com/Animal+Phyla+Even+Porifera

  16. Leuconoid • Most complex body plan • Vast network of interconnecting canals that eventually lead to one or numerous larger oscula <http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/klaus_jost/00000222.jpg/view.html> http://eastchestereagles.wikispaces.com/Animal+Phyla+Even+Porifera

  17. Classes of Porifera • Three classes of Porifera: • Calcarea • Hexactinellida • Demospongiae

  18. Classes of Porifera • Class Calcarea • includes sponges with all three body plans • produce large spicules (megascleres) of calcium carbonate. • Classes Hexactinellida • only possess leuconoidmembers • produce six-pointed large and small spicules (mega- and microcleres) made of silica. • Class Demospongiae • only possess leuconoid members • may have microscleres and megascleres, spongin, both, or neither

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