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Unit 7: Lesson 1

Unit 7: Lesson 1. The Protestant Reformation A.D. 1517 - 1603. Lesson 1. Objective: To discover the beginnings of the Protestant Reformation. Christianity DVD. The Protestants Martin Luther. Martin Luther. Luther’s Protest. Protestant Reformation is said to have begun on October 31, 1517

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Unit 7: Lesson 1

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  1. Unit 7: Lesson 1 The Protestant ReformationA.D. 1517 - 1603

  2. Lesson 1 Objective: To discover the beginnings of the Protestant Reformation. 8th Grade Religion

  3. Christianity DVD The Protestants Martin Luther 8th Grade Religion

  4. Martin Luther 8th Grade Religion

  5. Luther’s Protest • Protestant Reformation is said to have begun on October 31, 1517 • This is the day that Martin Luther posted his famous Ninety-five Theses on the church door in Wittenberg, Germany • These were statements protesting abuses in the Church, especially the abuse of indulgences. 8th Grade Religion

  6. Luther’s Protest • Originally indulgences were similar to penances that were given during the sacrament of Reconciliation. • They consisted of saying prayers or doing good deeds. • By Luther’s time indulgences were being sold for money and this led to abuse. 8th Grade Religion

  7. Luther’s Protest • Luther was particularly against Pope Leo X selling of indulgences to raise money for St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome. • Germany priests were telling people they could automatically free their relatives from purgatory by buying indulgences. 8th Grade Religion

  8. Indulgence 8th Grade Religion

  9. Martin Luther • Martin Luther was an Augustinian friar. • When he posted his Ninety-five Theses his intent was to reform the Catholic Church. • As his Theses were met with resistance from the Church leaders he became more and more argumentative and radical. 8th Grade Religion

  10. Martin Luther • He began to question all good works, the authority of the Pope, Sacraments, the priesthood and the monastic life. • In 1520 when Luther refused to give up his views, he was excommunicated by Pope Leo X. • He started out to correct a wrong in the Church and ended up denying some important teachings of the Church. 8th Grade Religion

  11. Unit 7: Lesson 2 Objective: To explore the expansion of the Protestant Reformation 8th Grade Religion

  12. From Luther to Lutheranism • After his excommunication Luther lived with Fredrick the Wise in Wittenburg. • For the next 25 years Luther rarely left Wittenburg but published many books and pamphlets about his beliefs. • Luther also translated the Bible into German. • Many people became followers of Luther called Lutherans. 8th Grade Religion

  13. From Luther to Lutheranism • Fighting broke out between Catholics and Lutherans. • In areas where Lutherans took control many things changed: • The Latin mass was changed to a common service • Only the sacraments of Baptism and the Eucharist were celebrated • The authority of the Pope was rejected • Priest were replaced by married ministers • Fighting continued in Germany creating a religious split in the country which continues today. 8th Grade Religion

  14. Zwingli and the Anabaptists • All reformers did not agree with Luther. • Huldrych Zwingli began his own reformation in Zurich, Switzerland. • Zwingli was even more radical than Luther. He • Rejected the Saints • Did not believe that Jesus was present during the Eucharist. 8th Grade Religion

  15. Zwingli and the Anabaptists • The Anabaptists did not believe in Baptizing infants. • There were small in number and eventually emigrated to America where they still live today in parts of the country. • The Amish are descendents of the Anabaptists. 8th Grade Religion

  16. Unit 7: Lesson 3 Objective: To explore Calvin’s influence on the Protestant Reformation and to explore the causes and effects of the English Reformation. 8th Grade Religion

  17. John Calvin • John Calvin (1509 - 1564) lived in Geneva, Switzerland. • Calvin did not have Luther’s lively personality but was very intelligent. • Followers of Calvin became Calvinist. 8th Grade Religion

  18. John Calvin • Calvin believed: • Drinking and gambling were sins • Double predestination. • Double predestination - God chooses some people for heaven and some people for hell. • Calvin believed that this was God’s decision and nothing could change it. 8th Grade Religion

  19. The Tudors • The Tudors were a royal family who ruled England from 1485 until 1603. • The first Tudor king was called Henry VII. Henry VII 8th Grade Religion

  20. Henry VIII • Henry VIII was king of England from 1509 until 1547. • He was born in 1491, and was only 17 years and 10 months old when he became king. Henry VIII 8th Grade Religion

  21. Henry and his wives • In England, the crown is passed from the parent to the child when the parent dies. Henry was desperate to have a son to pass the crown on to. • In order to have children, Henry had to find himself a wife. But he married not once, not twice, but SIX times!! 8th Grade Religion

  22. Catherine of Aragon • Henry married Catherine of Aragon in 1509. • Catherine was a Spanish princess who was married to Henry’s brother. • They had one daughter, Mary, who later became Queen of England. • Henry divorced Catherine. Mary Catherine of Aragon 8th Grade Religion

  23. Anne Boleyn • Next, Henry fell for Anne Boleyn. • Henry and Anne were married in 1533 in secret – because Henry hadn’t divorced his first wife yet! • They had a daughter, Elizabeth, who also later became a Queen of England. Elizabeth Anne Boleyn 8th Grade Religion

  24. Jane Seymour • Henry married Jane Seymour in 1536. • Jane finally gave Henry the son he so wanted – Edward. • Unfortunately, Edward died when he was just 16. • Jane died after giving birth to Edward. Edward Jane Seymour 8th Grade Religion

  25. Anne of Cleves • After Jane died, Henry sent a painter, Holbein, to Germany in 1540 to paint a picture of Anne of Cleves. • He thought she looked very pretty, but when he saw her he hated her! • They had no children. • Henry divorced Anne. Anne of Cleves 8th Grade Religion

  26. Catherine Howard • Catherine married Henry in 1540. • They had no children • Henry wasn’t very happy about this, and she was beheaded in 1542. Catherine Howard 8th Grade Religion

  27. Catherine Parr • Henry married his final wife in 1543. • They had no children, but stayed married. • Catherine Parr outlived Henry – he died in 1547, while she lived until 1548. Catherine Parr 8th Grade Religion

  28. A Closer Look Watch A Man for All Seasons 8th Grade Religion

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