Unit 5 Energy

1. Unit 5 Energy Energy Usage in Agriculture

2. What is Energy ? • The ability to do work or cause change. • Work is the application of a force through a distance. (Ask students for examples, such as moving a box across the room, sweeping, etc.) • Force can put matter into motion or stop it if it is already moving. • Motion is a change in position of an object with time. • To do work, energy is needed. • The ability to work

3. From where does energy come? • Natural energy sources: food, water, plants, trees, gravity, sun, fossil fuels, uranium, plutonium • Ways that humans have harnessed or converted natural energy sources: hydroelectric dams, coal/oil power plants, nuclear power plants, wind turbines, solar panels, etc.

4. What are different types of energy? • Kinetic energy: electrical, light, thermal, solar, sound, wind, hydro • Potential energy: chemical, mechanical, nuclear, gravitational

5. How do we use energy? • To break down and digest food (in our bodies) • To heat houses and other buildings • To illuminate lights • To power televisions, radios, games, cars • To run computers and appliances

6. What is agriculture energy and how is it used? • Agricultural energy consumption includes energy needed to grow and harvest crops and energy needed to grow livestock. ... For example, corn, which is also used as an energy input for ethanol production, has relatively low direct fuel expenditures but has the highest percentage of fertilizer expenditures.

7. Most of our energy is nonrenewable In the United States, most of our energy comes from nonrenewable energy sources. Coal, petroleum, natural gas, and uranium are examples of nonrenewable energy sources. Nonrenewable energy sources are used to make electricity, to heat our homes, to move our cars, and to manufacture products. These energy sources are called nonrenewable because their supplies are limited. Petroleum, for example, was formed millions of years ago from the remains of ancient sea plants and animals.

8. Use of renewable energy is growing • Renewable energy sources include biomass, geothermal energy, hydropower, solar energy, and wind energy. They are called renewable energy sources because they are naturally replenished regularly. Day after day, the sun shines, the wind blows, and rivers flow. Renewable energy sources are used for electricity generation, for heat generation, and for transportation fuels.

9. What is a Hydrocarbon? • hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon. • found naturally occur in crude oil, where decomposed organic matter provides an abundance of carbon and hydrogen which, when bonded, can catenate to form seemingly limitless chain

10. Common types of hydrocarbon fuels • Gasoline • Diesel • Natural Gas • Propane • Kerosene • Coal

11. Another type of energy common to every day life is • Electrical --Electrical energy is defined as an electric charge that lets work be accomplished. An example of electrical energy is power from a plug outlet.  • Electrical energy is energy derived from electric potential energy or kinetic energy. When loosely used to describe energy absorbed or maybe delivered by an electrical circuit "electrical energy" talks about energy which has been converted from electric potential energy.

12. What is electrical energy used for ? • Lighting and heating homes • Efficient transportation • Modernized irrigation system ( changes in diesel engines to electrical engines) • As a component in internal combustion engines

13. Nuclear Energy • Nuclear fusion is the combining of two light atoms into a heavier one and nuclear fission is the splitting of a heavy atom. Both ways make big amounts of energy. They sometimes take place in nature. Fusion is the source of heat in the sun. • Heat generated radioactive decay to create steam which turns turbines to drive generators.

14. Nuclear Energy • Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions that release nuclear energy to generate heat, which most frequently is then used in steam turbines to produce electricity in a nuclear power plant. As a nuclear technology, nuclear power can be obtained from nuclear fission, nuclear decay and nuclear fusion reactions.

15. Positive Aspects to Nuclear Energy • Advantages of nuclear power generation: Nuclear power generation does emit relatively low amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2). Theemissions of green house gases and therefore the contribution of nuclear power plants to global warming is therefore relatively little. • Relatively Low Costs. The initial construction costs of nuclear power plants are large. ... • Base Load Energy. Nuclear power plants provide a stable base load of energy. 

16. Alternative energy sources • Biofuel • Biomass • Wind • Solar • Hydropower

17. Negative Aspects to Nuclear Energy • Heat generated water that has to be cool extensively before re entering the environment • Dangers from radioactive releases • How to properly dispose the wastes

18. Bio Fuels • Renewable energy from biological sources • A biofuel is any liquid fuel derived from biological material such as trees, agricultural wastes, crops, or grass. Biofuel can be produced from any carbon source that can be replenished rapidly, such as plants. 

19. Examples of common bio fuels • Bio diesel • Ethanol ( an alcohol product) • Methane gases ( derives from various waste products)

20. Biomass • Biomass is a renewable source of fuel to produce energy because: waste residues will always exist – in terms of scrap wood, mill residuals and forest resources; and. properly managed forests will always have more trees, and we will always have crops and the residual biological matter from those crops. • Plant matter rich in cellulose • Biomass power- electrical power generated from burning plant matter

21. Examples of uses for biomass power • Burning of bagasse to create steam to generate energy operate sugar mills • Most common use for biomass is the burning of wood to heat homes and cook.

22. Wind energy uses • Wind power, form of energy conversion in which turbines convert the kinetic energyofwind into mechanical or electrical energy that can be used for power. Wind power is considered a renewable energy source. • Power of wind used to turn a wind mill to drive pump • Now used to turn turbines to generate electricity

23. Solar Energy • Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture, molten salt power plants and artificial photosynthesis. • Conversion of sunlight to electrical energy through the use of solar panels • Newest form of renewable energy

24. Hydropower Energy • Hydropower, or hydroenergy, is a form of renewable energythat uses the water stored in dams, as well as flowing in rivers to create electricity in hydropower plants. ... The rotating blades spin a generator that converts the mechanical energyof the spinning turbine into electrical energy. • Moving water used to turn turbines which turns electrical generators • Ex: Toledo Bend Dam

25. The different types of energy include • thermalenergy radiantenergy, • chemicalenergy, nuclearenergy, • electricalenergy, motionenergy, • soundenergy, elasticenergy • gravitationalenergy.

27. Vocabulary/Definitions • biomass energy: An energy resource derived from organic matter. Many people use biomass energy to heat their homes; they burn wood. Many agricultural crops are also biomass. For instance, corn can be fermented to produce ethanol that is burned as a liquid fuel. Wood is a renewable energy source as long as cut trees are replaced immediately. • chemical energy: The energy stored on the chemical bonds of molecules that it released during a chemical reaction. Chemical energy holds molecules together and keeps them from moving apart. For example, a car engine uses chemical energy stored in gasoline, and moving people use chemical energy from food. • electrical energy: Electrical energy exists when charged particles attract or repel each other. Television sets, computers and refrigerators use electrical energy.

28. VOCABULARY • energy: The ability to do work. • kinetic energy: The energy of motion. For example, a spinning top, a falling object and a rolling ball all have kinetic energy. The motion, if resisted by a force, does work. Wind and water both have kinetic energy. • light energy: Visible light energy, such as from a light bulb or fireflies or stars, is just one form of electromagnetic energy. Others forms include infrared and ultraviolet light. • mechanical energy: Mechanical energy is energy that can be used to do work. It is the sum of an object's kinetic and potential energy.

29. vOCABULARY • nonrenewable energy: Energy from sources that are used faster than they can be created. Sources include oil (petroleum), natural gas, coal and uranium (nuclear). • nuclear energy: Nuclear energy is the energy found inside the nucleus of atoms and can only be released when atoms are split. Some power companies that supply homes, schools and buildings with electricity use nuclear energy to generate electricity.

30. VOCABULARY • potential energy: Potential energy is the energy stored by an object as a result of its position. A roller coaster at the top of a hill has potential energy. • renewable energy: Energy that is made from sources that can be regenerated. Sources include solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, ocean and hydro (water).

31. VOCABULARY • sound energy: Audible energy that is released when you talk, play musical instruments or slam a door. • thermal energy: Heat energy produced when the molecules of a substance vibrate. The more heat a substance has, the more rapid the vibration of its molecules. Heat energy flows from places of higher temperature to places of lower temperature.