Manifest Destiny

1. Manifest Destiny • 1840s movement – Americans believed that their movement westward & southward was destined (ordained by God) • “the fulfillment of our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions. John L. O’Sullivan

2. The Closing of the American Frontier

3. Frederick Jackson Turner’s Thesis • Wrote a thesis saying that the American frontier was what made Americans different from Europeans. • The frontier = the American Dream to many. • 1812-1852 U.S. growth • 7.25 million to more than 25 million • Land in the West increased by more than the size of Europe. • America History during this period defined by the amount of land available, and the political arguments over it.

4. After wilderness masters the colonist finds him a European in dress, industries, tools, modes of travel, and thought. It takes him from the railroad car and puts him in the birch canoe. It strips off the garments of civilization and arrays him in the hunting shirt and the moccasin. It puts him in the log cabin of the Cherokee and Iroquois and runs an Indian palisade around him. Before long he has gone to planting Indian corn and plowing with a sharp stick; he shouts the war cry and takes the scalp in orthodox Indian fashion. In short, at the frontier the environment is at first too strong for the man. He must accept the conditions which it furnishes, or perish, and so he fits himself into the Indian clearings and follows the Indian trails. Little by little he transforms the wilderness, but the outcome is not the old Europe… The fact is that here is a new product that is American. • Frederick Jackson Turner • THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE FRONTIER IN AMERICAN HISTORY

12. North Red River .Omaha .Dallas .Austin .Houston

13. The Oregon Trail – Albert Bierstadt, 1869

17. Oregon Country U.S. & British Joint Occupation John Jacob Astor James K. Polk “Fifty-four Forty or Fight” Treaty of 1846 49th Parallel

18. Oregon • Great Britain and the United States both have claims to Oregon. 42nd – 54th parallel. • Polk says “Fifty-four Forty or Fight”. We want it all. • Polk compromises agrees on the 49th Parallel. (Oregon Treaty of 1846)

19. Treaty of 1846

20. John Jacob Astor • Founded the American Fur Company in 1808. Sold it to the British 1812. And later established the Pacific Fur Companies and Southwest Fur Company

21. Gold Rush Gold Discovery in California 1848 In 1849 30,000 would be miners set out overland from Missouri to CA. Another 25,000 made it by sea. Few became rich, but the hundreds of thousands arriving lead to California statehood

26. The Missions of California

27. Missions of California

28. The BACK STORY On Texas • Mexico gains independence from Spain in 1823. • Offered land grants to Americans if they would… • 1. Convert to Catholicism • 2. Swear Allegiance to Mexico • Mexico banned slavery in 1824. The Anglos ignored it. • Mexico closed it’s borders in 1830, didn’t work. • General Santa Ana overthrew the Mexican Gov’t, sent troops to Texas. • Led to the Texas Revolution • 1835- 187 die at the Alamo, 300 executed at Goliad. • 1836- General Sam Houston captured Santa Ana at San Jacinto. Texas is Independent!!!

29. Stephen Austin

31. Republic of Texas 1836

32. Santa Anna

33. Sam Houston

34. Davy Crockett

35. Republic of Texas 1836-1845 • Santa Anna forced to sign a treaty • President: Sam Houston • Border Disputes (Rio Grande or Nueces) • Desire to be annexed by the U.S.

36. Republic of Texas 1836

37. War with Mexico • Polk becomes President in 1844 • Texas is annexed in 1845-border? • Slidell’s Mission • Sent by Polk to • Solve boundary dispute • Buy California and New Mexico • He gets REJECTED!!! • Polk sends General Taylor to the Rio Grande • Mexico Attacked!!!

38. Before the War

39. DURING

40. From the Halls of Montezuma To the shores of Tripoli We fight our country's battles In the air, on land and sea. First to fight for right and freedom And to keep our honor clean; We are proud to claim the title of United States Marine. First to fight for right and freedom And to keep our honor clean; We are proud to claim the title of United States Marine. Mexican American War 1846-1848

41. And after

42. The Treaty of Gaudalupe-Hidalgo • Ends the War Mexico loses 50% of it’s territory. • The U.S. paid $15 million for lands they got from Mexico • U.S. agreed to pay claims made against Mexico by U.S. Citizens • 1854- $10 million for the Gadsden Purchase. • Whigs opposed – “If I were Mexico, I Would tell you ‘Have you no room in your Own country to bury your dead?’” Why Pay?

43. Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago – Mexican Cession

44. Zachary Taylor

47. A US Territorial Expansion When? A - 13 Original Colonies • 1776 From Where? • Great Britain Why? • US declared independence from Great Britain

48. A US Territorial Expansion When? A - 13 Original Colonies • 1776 From Where? • Great Britain Why? • US declared independence from Great Britain

49. US Territorial Expansion When? B - Western Lands • 1 From Where? • Great Britain Why? • Part of results of Treaty of Paris (ended Revolutionary War) A B

50. US Territorial Expansion When? C - LouisianaPurchase • 1803 From Where? • France Why? • Napoleon needed $ • Jefferson wanted to buy New Orleans • He got all of this instead! A C B