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History

Explore the fascinating history of computing, from the purely mechanical Analytical Engine to the development of transistors and the birth of operating systems. Learn about key figures like Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace, and the advancements that led to the creation of modern computers and operating systems. Discover how technology has evolved through generations, from mainframes to personal computers, and the impact it has had on society.

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History

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  1. History • Generation 0 • Charles Babbage (1792-1871) • Analytical Engine • purely mechanical • Ada Lovelace – first programmer

  2. Generation 1 • tubes • WW II • ’45-’55 • Aiken – Harvard • von Neumann – Princeton • Zuse – Germany • Eckert & Mauchley – U Penn

  3. Generation 2 • transistor • ’55-’65 • mainframes, punched cards, operators • batch systems • cards  1401  tape  7094  tape  1401  printer

  4. Generation 3 • ICs • ’65 – ’80 • System/360 “family” of systems • Multiprogramming – multiple programs in memory at the same time sharing the CPU • SPOOL – simultaneous peripheral operation online • Timesharing – variant of multiprogramming for terminal and batch jobs

  5. Gen 3 cont’d • MULTICS • Computer utility idea (kind of like internet servers) • More ambitious than hardware could support • MULTICS + PDP7 + Ken Thompson = Unix • Unix variants: • System V • BSD • IEEE POSIX • Now Linux from Linus Torvalds

  6. Gen 4 – 1980 to present • VLSI • 8080 CP/M also Z80 • Apple I and II • 8088 + MS-DOS (from Seattle Comp. Prod.) • Apple Lisa (Xerox Star) • Apple Mac • Windows 3.1, 95, 98, NT (designed by David Cutler from DEC VAX/VMS), 2000, XP • XWindows on Unix and Linux

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