Westward Expansion 1801-1861

1. Westward Expansion1801-1861 America establishes its boundaries

2. Big Ideas… • Between 1801 and 1861, exploration was encouraged as America underwent vast territorial expansion and settlement. • Westward migration (Manifest Destiny) was influenced by geography and economic opportunity. • Prior to the Civil War, most industrialization in America was in the North; however, the equipment produced in the North had an impact on the farming society in the South. • The abolitionists worked to end slavery. • The suffrage movement helped women gain equal rights.

3. Post-Revolutionary America

4. The Louisiana Purchase • New territories added to the United States after 1801 • Louisiana Purchase • Jefferson bought land from France (the Louisiana Purchase), which doubled the size of the United States. • In the Lewis and Clark expedition, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark explored the Louisiana Purchase from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean.

5. Lousiana Purchase

6. Other Territories • Florida (1819) • Spain gave Florida to the United States through a treaty. • Texas (1836 = Independence; 1845 = US State) • Texas was added after it became an independent republic. • Oregon (1846) • The Oregon Territory was divided by the United States and Great Britain. • California (1848 from Mexican-American War) • War with Mexico resulted in California and the southwest territory becoming part of the United States.

7. Florida, Texas, Oregon, California

8. Factors affecting westward expansion • Geographic and economic factors that influenced westward movement • Population growth in the eastern states (Overpopulation in East) • Availability of cheap, fertile land • Economic opportunity, e.g., gold (California Gold Rush), logging, farming, freedom (for runaway slaves) • Cheaper and faster transportation, e.g., rivers and canals (Erie Canal), steamboats, railroads (1830s and beyond) • Knowledge of overland trails (Oregon and Santa Fe) • Belief in the right of “Manifest Destiny”—The idea that expansion was for the good of the country and was the right of the country

9. Important Inventions • The cotton gin was invented by Eli Whitney. It increased the production of cotton and thus increased the need for slave labor to cultivate and pick the cotton. • Effect on Slavery???

10. Important Inventions • Jo Anderson (a slave) and Cyrus McCormick worked to invent the reaper. The reaper increased the productivity of the American farmer.

11. Famous Inventions • The steamboat was improved by Robert Fulton. It eventually provided faster river transportation that connected Southern plantations and farms to Northern industries and Western territories. • The steam locomotive provided faster land transportation.

12. Beliefs about Civil Rights • Abolitionist movement • Most abolitionists demanded immediate freeing of the slaves. • Abolitionists believed that slavery was wrong. • Morally wrong • Cruel and inhumane • A violation of the principles of democracy • Abolitionist leaders included both men and women. • Harriet Tubman: Conductor of Underground Railroad • William Lloyd Garrison: Created Abolitionist newspaper (Liberator) • Frederick Douglass: Author, activist, Outspoken abolitionist

13. Harriet Tubman • Supported the secret route, or Underground Railroad, that helped escaped southern slaves to reach northern free states.

14. Frederick Douglass • Former Slave • Escaped slavery and became an abolitionist.

15. William Lloyd Garrison • Abolitionist leader • Believed that slavery was immoral and demanded that slaves be immediately freed

16. Beliefs about civil rights • Suffrage movement • Supporters declared that “All men and women are created equal.” • Supporters believed that women were deprived of basic rights. • Denied the right to vote • Denied educational opportunities, especially higher education • Denied equal opportunities in business • Limited in rights to own property • The movement was led by strong women who began their campaign before the Civil War and continued after the war had ended. • Isabel Sojourner Truth • Susan B. Anthony • Elizabeth Cady Stanton

17. Isabel Sojourner Truth • Suffragist and Abolitionist • Was born a slave and worked for equal rights for women as well as for the end of slavery

18. Susan B. Anthony • Supporter of the suffrage movement • Declared that women and men are entitled to the same rights in all areas of life, including the right to vote and own property

19. Elizabeth Cady Stanton • Leader of the Suffrage Movement • Worked closely with Susan B. Anthony • Wrote The Seneca Falls Declaration

20. Homework Questions 1). What new territories became part of the United States between 1801 and 1861? 2). What factors influenced westward migration? 3). How did the inventions affect the lives of Americans? 4). What were the main ideas expressed by the abolitionists? 5). What were the main ideas expressed during the suffrage movement? 6). Explain what the Underground Railroad was. 7). In chronological order, list the first 7 Presidents. (We’ve studied all of them but one)