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MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS (MCM) AT NEW DELHI & INDIA

MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS (MCM) AT NEW DELHI & INDIA. Dr. A. K. AVASARALA MBBS, M.D. PROFESSOR & HEAD DEPT OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE & EPIDEMIOLOGY PRATHIMA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, KARIMNAGAR, A.P. INDIA: +91505417 avasarala@yahoo.com. PART- III DISCUSSION. DELHI PROBLEM-1.

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MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS (MCM) AT NEW DELHI & INDIA

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  1. MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS (MCM) AT NEW DELHI & INDIA Dr. A. K. AVASARALA MBBS, M.D. PROFESSOR & HEAD DEPT OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE & EPIDEMIOLOGY PRATHIMA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, KARIMNAGAR, A.P. INDIA: +91505417 avasarala@yahoo.com

  2. PART- III DISCUSSION

  3. DELHI PROBLEM-1 • IS DELHI BECOMING HOMETOWN FOR MCM? • DELHI IS PRESENTLY EXPERIENCING THE EIGTH OUTBREAK OF MCM COMMENCING FROM 1966 • EPIDEMICS OCCURRED AT DELHI IN SIX CONSECUTIVE YEARS FROM 1983 TO 1988 • .

  4. DELHI PROBLEM - 2 WHY IS IT SO? • PROBABLY , THE AGENT IS ABLE TO SURVIVE IN NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIERS IN OVERCROWDED POPULATION OF DELHI. • PROBABLY, HIGH OR OPTIMUM NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIER STATE IS CONSTANTLY MAINTAINED PRESENT IN DELHI POPULATION.

  5. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY? • HOW THE AGENT (MENINGOCOCCI ) IS THRIVING AT DELHI ? (AGENT FACTORS) • WHAT ARE THE HOST FACTORS MAKING DELHI POPULATION MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO MCM? • HOW DELHI ENVIRONMENT IS FAVOURABLE (ENVIRONMENT FACTORS) TO MENINGOCOCCI?

  6. DIFFICULT TO PREDICT MCM EPIDEMIC IS DIFFICULT TO PREDICT • BUT INDICATORS AVAILABLE • INCREASED LABORATORY CONFIRMED CASES - THIS WAS OBSERVED IN 1966 DELHI EPIDEMIC • CHANGE IN SEROGROUPING OF CASES No change in serogroup. • CHANGE IN AGE GROUP ( MORE IN HIGHER AGE GROUPS) Delhi epidemic 1966 predominantly affected infants, while the present epidemic affected mainly 15-29 years, young adults.

  7. SPORADIC EPIDEMIC NATURE • MOST OFTEN MCM EPIDEMIC COMMENCES WITH A FEW SPORADIC CASES EVERY YEAR AND THEN BLOWS UP INTO AN EPIDEMIC.

  8. FULMINANT NATURE OF MCM • HIGH MORTALITY:AS THE DISEASE IS OFTEN FATAL, PARTICULARLY IN CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS, IT CREATES SCARE AMONG THE POPULATION

  9. NASOPHRYNGEAL CARRIER STATE THIS FACTOR IS OF PARAMOUNT IMPORTANCE BECAUSE • HIGH CARRIER RATE IS OFTEN RELATED TO THE EPIDEMICITY • VACCINE CAN PREVENT NEITHER THE CARRIER STATE NOR THE EPIDEMIC

  10. CHANGING TREND • PRIMARILY A DISEASE OF INFANTS AND CHILDREN (1966) NOW AFFECTING YOUNG ADULTS • CERTAIN POPULATIONS - ARE MORE SUCEPTIBLE. WHY?

  11. SUMMARY INDIA AND MORE SO DELHI NEEDS • MORE CONSTANT EFFECTIVE SURVILLANCE AND HEALTH ACTION FOR CONTROLLING MCM • A VACCIVNE EFFECTIVE AGAINST NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIERS • COMMUNITY SENSITIZATION AND ACTIVE PARTICIPATION TO CONTROL MCM

  12. REFERENCES • UPDATES ON MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS, COMMUNICABLE DISEASES DEPARTMENT, WHO, REGIONAL OFFICE FOR SOUTH EAST ASIA • COMMUNICABLE DISEASE BULLETIN - REPORT BY DR. (MRS.) S. SEHGAL, DIRECTOR, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES, NEW DELHI

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