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Connective tissue

Connective tissue. Connective Tissue. Functions to bind, support, insulate and protect parts of the body. 3 Components : Specialized cells, ground substance and protein fibers. Ground substance is non-cellular material that separates cells. Can be solid to fluid in consistency.

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Connective tissue

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  1. Connective tissue

  2. Connective Tissue • Functions to bind, support, insulate and protect parts of the body. • 3 Components: Specialized cells, ground substance and protein fibers. • Ground substance is non-cellular material that separates cells. • Can be solid to fluid in consistency.

  3. 3 Types of Protein Fibers Found in Connective Tissue 1. Collagen Fibers: Contain collagen; flexible and strong. 2. Reticular Fibers: Thin collagen fibers; highly branched to form support networks 3. Elastic Fibers: Contain elastin; very elastic • The ground substance plus the protein fibers make up the MATRIXof the tissue.

  4. Fibrous Connective Tissue

  5. 3 Main Types of Connective Tissue A. Fibrous B. Supportive C. Fluid

  6. A. Fibrous Connective Tissue Two types: • Dense fibrous tissue • Loose fibrous tissue • Both types contain FIBROBLASTS: Cell that produces fibers and other substances.

  7. Loose Fibrous Connective Tissue • ie. Areolar tissue • Supports epithelium and internal organs. • Allows expansion of lungs, arteries and bladder. • Forms a protective covering around many internal organs.

  8. Adipose Tissue • Specialized cells that enlarge to store fat. • Male (12%; belly) • Females (18- 28%; abdomen, hips, thighs) • Tightly packed; little or no extracellular matrix. • Used for energy, insulation and organ protection. • Found beneath the skin, around the kidneys and on the surface of the heart. • Regenerate quickly.

  9. Chicken Wire!

  10. Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue • Made of many tightly-packed collagen fibers. • Very specific functions, for example: • Found in tendons (connect muscle to bone). • Found in ligaments (connect bones to other bones at joints).

  11. Dense regular connective tissue, transverse, tendon Dense regular connective tissue, longitudinal, tendon

  12. B. Supportive Connective Tissue Two types: • Cartilage • Bone • Solid extracellular matrix. • Made by chondroblasts and chondrocytes in cartilage. • Made by osteoblasts and osteocytes in bone.

  13. Supportive Connective Tissue: Cartilage • Cells lie in small chambers called LACUNAE. • Matrix is solid, but flexible. • Heals slowly due to lack of blood flow. 3 Types of Cartilage (based on fibers): • Hyaline cartilage • Elastic cartilage • Fibrocartilage

  14. Hyaline Cartilage • Most common. • Contains only fine collagen fibers. • Glassy, translucent matrix. • Found in the nose, at the ends of long bones, ribs, and is the composition of the fetal skeleton.

  15. Elastic Cartilage • Made of more elastic fibers than hyaline cartilage. • More flexible! • Found in the outer ear.

  16. Fibrocartilage • Matrix of strong collagen fibers. • Can withstand tension and pressure. • Found in the disks between the vertebrae of the backbone, knee joint

  17. Supportive Connective Tissue:Bone • Extremely rigid matrix; made of calcium salts formed around collagenfibers. Two types of bone: • Compact Bone • Found in shafts of long bone. • Spongy Bone • Found on ends of long bone.

  18. Compact Bone Composition • Bone matrix is deposited in thin layers, LAMELLAE, forming concentric circles. • Lamella form around tiny longitudinal tubes called OSTEONIC CANALS. • Bone cells, OSTEOCYTES, are found in the lacunae between the lamellae. • Osteocytes and intercellular material layered around the osteonic canal form a unit called OSTEONS.

  19. Compact Bone Composition • Each osteonic canal carries a blood vessel for nutrient supply. • Thin extensions, CANALICULI, connect bone cells to other bone cells. • Materials move quickly from blood vessels to bone cells; HEAL QUICKLY!

  20. Spongy Bone • Open, bony latticework with bony bars and plates separated by irregular spaces. • Lighter than compact bone. • Found at ends of long bone; surrounds the bone marrow cavity.

  21. Bone and Cartilage in the Knee

  22. Fluid Connective Tissue:Blood • Fluid matrix of cellular elements and plasma. • Three cellular elements: • ERTHRYOCYTES (Red blood cells): Carry oxygen. • LEUKOCYTES (White blood cells): Fight infection. • PLATELETS: Pieces of cells that clot blood. • Located in blood vessels.

  23. Blood Functions • Transports nutrients and oxygen to tissue fluid for cell benefits. • Tissue fluid bathes cells in nutrients, removes CO2 and wastes. • Distributes heat; factors into fluid, ion and pH balance.

  24. Fluid Connective Tissue:Lymph • Clear to faintly yellow, watery fluid derived from tissue fluid. • Contains white blood cells.

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