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Next-Generation Storage

Andrew Jennings CIT 595 April 16, 2007. Next-Generation Storage. The First Hard Drive – IBM 350 Disk Storage Unit. September 1956 RAMAC – Random Access Method of Accounting and Control The 305 was one of the last vacuum tube systems from IBM. Data Is In The Grains.

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Next-Generation Storage

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  1. Andrew Jennings CIT 595 April 16, 2007 Next-Generation Storage

  2. The First Hard Drive – IBM 350 Disk Storage Unit • September 1956 • RAMAC – Random Access Method of Accounting and Control • The 305 was one of the last vacuum tube systems from IBM

  3. Data Is In The Grains

  4. The Superparamagnetic Effect • Each grain must hold a charge • When their volume becomes too little, they will no longer be stable & will be influenced by ambient thermal energy • With current technology, this will happen around 130 Gb/in2

  5. Perpendicular Recording • Place more layers of grains on top of each other • Use magnetic underlayer • Requires stronger read head • Can fit about a terabit per square inch

  6. HD Optical Discs • Blu-Ray vs. HD-DVD • Difference with CDs & DVDs: Use blue lasers to read/write data • Difference between them: storage space

  7. How Optical Discs Work • Data is contained in outwardly-radiating spiral pattern of “pits” and “lands” • Laser aimed at spiral as disc spins, photodiode detects reflection (or lack of reflection) • Size and pitch of pits is relevant to storage space • Adding another side or more layers can also add more space

  8. Laser Numerical Aperture

  9. What’s the difference? • HD-DVD cheaper to make • Blu-Ray holds more space • Blu-Ray has more exclusive content • Same codecs, resolutions, audio and video formats

  10. Evolutionary vs. Revolutionary • These products have been improved piece by piece • Fifty years of hard drives, twenty-five since the CD • New concepts have to be expandable in the same way • Building on past successes and cheap technology helps, too

  11. Holographic Storage • Writes throughout the medium • Holograms can be stacked on top of each other • Pages of data at a time means high read/write speeds

  12. How It Works - Writing

  13. How It Works - Reading

  14. InPhase's Tapestry • “Two-chemistry” media • Polytopic Multiplexing – books can overlap • 300 GB on 130mm disc –> 1.6 Tb • 20 Mbps read/write now –> 120 Mbps

  15. The Millipede • Produced by IBM's Zurich Research Laboratory • Micro-electro-mechanical device • Uses technology from atomic force microscope • Heated cantilevers create bit indentations in polymer media • Bits are read by studying heat transfer • Arrays of cantilevers mean access to multiple bits

  16. Tiny Levers

  17. It Gets Around • Millipede attached with magnets to storage medium • Arrays are currently addressed one column at a time

  18. Writing and Reading

  19. Manufacturing Heat dispersion in large models Low tolerance for differences in tip depth Uses current methods for microchip manufacture Future Of The Millipede Products • Lots of bits in a small space, low power • Nanodrive for PDAs and cell phones • Use it as a hard drive head

  20. We'll need to explore new storage devices to overcome superparamagnetic barrier but there are many ways to integrate proven technologies when doing so. Conclusion

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