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Education Programmes in the Youth Justice Continuum. To begin. One life, many services. Multitudes of actors. Children meet: Teachers, Guidance counsellors, resource teachers etc Instructors, tutors, Centre co-ordinators, Directors Youth workers Advocates (FAS-funded); Mediators (LES)
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Multitudes of actors • Children meet: • Teachers, Guidance counsellors, resource teachers etc • Instructors, tutors, Centre co-ordinators, Directors • Youth workers • Advocates (FAS-funded); Mediators (LES) • Garda Juvenile Liaison Officers • Youth Probation Officers • Social workers, Community Care, outreach workers… • Education Welfare Officers • Family Welfare Conference Co-ordinators, FWC facilitators, FWC mentors • Psychologists (NEPS, HSE), psychiatrists… • Legal representatives, GALs • Court officers… • Etc
School matters - continuum Level 8: Residential care Level 7: centre for education/YEP Level 6: Behaviour support classroom Level 5: Deputy Principal/Principal Level 4: care team Level 3: Year head Level 2: Class tutor Level 1: Classroom teacher
Some figures (2007) • 18+% of age cohort do not proceed to Leaving Certificate • School attendance: 20% absenteeism • For 14% the Junior Certificate is the last official second level exam • 4% leave with no qualifications • Females stay longer than males, outperform in exams • Educational retention strongly mirrors social background • Stable figures
First response: Prevention (in schools) • DEIS – the School Support Programme (SSP) • Home School Community Liaison Scheme • School Completion Programme • Also: Learning Support/Resource Teachers, Traveller supports, etc • BHSS • NEWB • NEPS • NCSE • etc
Second response: out of-school measures - education • YOUTHREACH (Centres, CTCs, Justice); STTCs • YEPs (5) • Cooperation hours, etc • Youth services and projects – different mechanisms • Youth Information Centres, Young Peoples’ Services and Facilities Fund • NOTE: poor transfer of information from schools; also, none of the school supports transfer;
Other out of-school measures • Other FÁS, Failte Ireland, Teagasc provision, etc; Local Employment Services • Probation initiatives • Garda projects • Drugs Task Force projects • Springboard projects • Projects supported by Area-based Partnerships • PEACE projects (Border area) • Barnardo’s Family Support projects • Neighbourhood Youth Projects • Steps Advice and Counselling Services • Ireland Fund projects • Etc!
Mapping provision HSE Gardai NEWB, etc Youth services Schools Youthreach
What is Youthreach? • A programme, not an organisation • Youthreach is the principal national response aimed at early school leavers (aged 16-20) with poor qualifications – less than 5Ds in Junior Cert • 15% lone parents; 10% Travellers • Inter-Departmental • Education and Science – through VECs – 95 Youthreach Centres (3800 places), 33 STTCs (1000+) • Enterprise, Trade and Employment – through FAS – 45 CTCs; also ‘Justice workshops’ (2000 places) • Delivered in 150 centres for educationand community training centres - small out-of-school units, fulltime and part-time staff • Staff: Coordinator/Director, Resource staff, teachers, etc
From From Maslow and Lowery, 1998
From dependence to independence Instability, disorder, dysfunctions, detachment, dependency Stability, Integration, independence Engagement and attachment Foundation Progression Transition
Case study: Mary • 15 yrs old lone parent • No family support • Seven brothers and sisters • Father is dead • raped by her cousin last year • Left school when she was 13 • No member of her family has been in school after the age of 13